動詞不定式

典型例題

The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.

A. lying　 B. lie　 C. lay　 D. laying

答案：A. find的賓語后面，用分詞或分詞短語，起賓語補(bǔ)足語作用?，F(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)主動，也表達(dá)正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表達(dá)被動。

2) to + be 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，作補(bǔ)語的動詞。

acknowledge, believe, consider, think, declare(聲稱), discover, fancy(設(shè)想), feel, find,　guess, judge, imagine, know, prove, see(理解), show, suppose, take(以為), understand

We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 我們認(rèn)為湯姆是班上最好的學(xué)生之一。

典型例題

Charles Babbage is generally considered　___ the first computer.

A. to invent　B. inventing　 C. to have invented　 D. having invented

答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只說明發(fā)明這一個事實，不定式后用原形即可。而C為現(xiàn)在完成時，發(fā)明為點(diǎn)動詞一般不用完成時，且此處也不強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，因此不選C。

3) to be +形容詞

seen, appear, be said, be supposed, be believed, be thought, be known, be reported, hope, wish, desire, want, plan, expect, mean

The book is believed to be uninteresting.　人們認(rèn)為這本書沒什么意思。