外國人最想和你聊的時事話題：非主流文化
- 雙語介紹
- 關(guān)鍵詞句
What is subculture 什么是非主流文化
In sociology, anthropology and cultural studies, a subculture is a group of people with a culture (whether distinct or hidden) which differentiates them from the larger culture to which they belong.
There are six key ways in which subcultures can be identified:
1. Through their often negative relations to work (as "idol","parasitic", at play or at leisure, etc.)；
2. Through their negative or ambivalent relation to class (since subcultures are not "class-conscious" and don't conform to traditional class definitions)；
3. Through their association with territory (the "street", the "hood", the club, etc.), rather than property；
4. Through their movement out of the home and into non-domestic forms of belonging (i.e. social groups other than the family)；
5. Through their stylistic ties to excess and exaggeration (with some exceptions)；
6. Through their refusal of the banalities of ordinary life and massification.
The study of subcultures often consists of the study of symbolism attached to clothing, music and other visible affectations by members of subcultures, and also the ways in which these same symbols are interpreted by members of the dominant culture. According to Dick Hebdige, members of a subculture often signal their membership through a distinctive and symbolic use of style, which includes fashions, mannerisms, and argot.
Subcultures can exist at all levels of organizations, highlighting the fact that there are multiple cultures or value combinations usually evident in any one organization that can complement but also compete with the overall organizational culture. In some cases, subcultures have been legislated against, and their activities regulated or curtailed.
It may be difficult to identify certain subcultures because their style (particularly clothing and music) may be adopted by mass culture for commercial purposes. Businesses often seek to capitalize on the subversive allure of subcultures in search of Cool, which remains valuable in the selling of any product. This process of cultural appropriation may often result in the death or evolution of the subculture, as its members adopt new styles that appear alien to mainstream society. This process provides a constant stream of styles which may be commercially adopted.
Music-based subcultures are particularly vulnerable to this process, and so what may be considered a subculture at one stage in its history-such as jazz, goth, punk, hip hop and rave cultures-may represent mainstream taste within a short period of time. Some subcultures reject or modify the importance of style, stressing membership through the adoption of an ideology which may be much more resistant to commercial exploitation. The punk subculture's distinctive (and initially shocking) style of clothing was adopted by mass-market fashion companies once the subculture became a media interest.
非主流(subculture)應(yīng)該保持它的活力(vitality)。這個活力不是指其存在與否或正在運行與否，而是指其創(chuàng)造的能力(creativity)。很多非主流的事物，一旦失去其創(chuàng)造力，盡管其形式仍然是非主流的，那么只有兩種結(jié)局：一是消滅(perish)；二是被同化(assimilation)。比如嬉皮士(hippies)風潮，一旦失去了其特定的歷史創(chuàng)造力，不能與時俱進地發(fā)展自己的理念，也就漸漸地僅能成為一種時尚了。而無法確切定義或沒有定論，才是非主流事物擁有創(chuàng)造力的反映。
非主流的一些表現(xiàn)：
圖片(pictures)：喜愛另類奇怪的圖片，比如擺POSE時會裝出癡呆、頹廢的表情，喜歡斜45度對著鏡頭嘟嘴巴。喜歡PS圖片。
打扮(dress up)：與大眾不同，比如女穿男裝，穿著嘻哈(hiphop)，穿得破破爛爛等等。
發(fā)型(hair style)：染發(fā)(hair dying)采用藍白等顏色，或者做夸張的造型(sculpt)等。
音樂(music)：勁爆、先鋒、拉風等這樣的音樂受到歡迎。
生活(life)：不人云亦云(parrot cry)，不追求大眾化(popularization)，思想也叛逆激進(radicalness)，有創(chuàng)造力。
個性(personality)：無限展示自己的自信(confidence)、陽光、活力(vigor)。
娛樂(entertainment)：喜歡HC(花癡)，虐戀(sado-masochism)，寫耽美小說。
Back then Hippies were regarded as a sub-culture that threatened to disrupt normal society.
那個時候，嬉皮文化被看作是一個對常人社會具有破壞性威脅的非主流文化。
On the face of it, they seem to be saying that what used to be "mainstream news" should now become "non-mainstream news."
乍聽之下他們似乎在說過去是"主流"的現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該成為"非主流"的新聞。
It should be pointed out that these non-essential or minor aspects must not be overlooked and must be dealt with one by one.
應(yīng)當指出，不能忽略非本質(zhì)方面和非主流方面的問題，必須逐一地將它們解決。
They intend to be a media "watchdog" and get the media to focus more on "non-mainstream opinions".
他們要"監(jiān)督"本地媒體，是要促使媒體多報道"非主流"意見。
They do not look at the essential or main aspects but emphasize the non-essential or minor ones.
他們不去看問題的本質(zhì)方面，主流方面，而是強調(diào)那些非本質(zhì)方面、非主流方面的東西。
According to representatives of the group, they will also try to get the media to redefine what "news" is. On the face of it, they seem to be saying that what used to be "mainstream news" should now become"non-mainstream" news.
這個群體的代表更進一步說，他們要爭取媒體為"新聞"重新定義。乍聽之下，他們似乎在說，過去是"主流"的新聞，現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該成為"非主流"的新聞。
Like early experiments with ham radios, electronic magazines are finding alternative ways of reaching the masses
如同早年的業(yè)余無線電實驗，電子雜志正在尋找通向大眾傳播的非主流途徑。
From a certain aspect, the subculture represents the development trend of society.
從某種意義上來說，非主流文化代表的正是社會的發(fā)展趨向。
Once the subculture lose its creativity, it will face to vanish or assimilation.
非主流文化一旦失去了創(chuàng)造力，就會面臨著滅亡或者同化。
The subculture is not the one that follow the public trend, but suit for our individual psychological behavior.
非主流文化不是跟隨大眾潮流的東西，而是符合我們個人心理的行為。
Coca-Cola already has 8 percent of the alternative beverage market. The company's current entries include ready-to-drink teas in glass bottles, juices in drink boxes and sparkling water in throwaway bottles.
可口可樂公司已經(jīng)占領(lǐng)了非主流飲料市場8％的份額。該公司目前投放的品種包括玻璃瓶裝飲料、盒裝果汁和一次性瓶裝礦泉水。
I'd like to get some alternative music for my niece.
我想買一些非主流的音樂給我侄女。
There is special effect of CUBA in Non-mainstream Culture of Campus.
CUBA在校園非主流文化中的特殊作用。
This has even spawned an anti-corporate coffee sub-culture, with those subscribing to this culture boycotting big business coffee chains.
這甚至造成了一種反企業(yè)壟斷的非主流文化和與其相呼應(yīng)的抵制大型商業(yè)咖啡連鎖店活動。
Part 3 Let's Talk！ 開始交流吧！
Maya: This music sounds very strange.
瑪雅：這首音樂聽上去很奇怪。
Linda: May it is so-called subculture music.
琳達：這大概就是所謂的非主流音樂吧。
Maya: It seems that subculture is very popular these years.
瑪雅：這些年非主流文化似乎很流行。
Linda: Yes. Such as hair style, clothes, music and pictures, etc.
琳達：是的。比如發(fā)型、服裝、音樂、圖片等。
Maya: How do you think about subculture?
瑪雅：你怎么看待非主流文化？
Linda: In my opinion, the examples above are the manifestation patterns of subculture. While subculture thought is a mode of thinking that totally different from traditional thoughts.
琳達：我覺得上面所說的例子都是一種非主流思想的表現(xiàn)形式。而非主流思想則是一種與傳統(tǒng)思想不完全相符的新的思維方式。
Maya: That means you support subculture?
瑪雅：這么說你支持非主流文化？
Linda: At least not disapproval.
琳達：至少不反對。
Maya: I can't agree with you. I think subculture will mislead young people in modern society.
瑪雅：我不同意你的看法。我覺得非主流思想對于現(xiàn)代青少年是一種誤導(dǎo)。
Linda: Why?
琳達：為什么？
Maya: The thoughts of young people are becoming increasingly open with their unrealistic opinions. Their clothes and hair styles are both peculiar even weird.
瑪雅：現(xiàn)在青少年的思想越來越開放，想法越來越不切實際，衣著、發(fā)型也都很標新立異，甚至很怪異。
Linda: It's just a presentation of individuality.
琳達：這恰恰是一種個性的展現(xiàn)。
Maya: It is not the proper way to show personality. Young people should devote more spirit to their study and accomplishment improving rather than just pursuing for distinctiveness.
瑪雅：個性不是以這種方式體現(xiàn)的。青少年應(yīng)該將精力更多地投入到學習和提高自身修養(yǎng)上，而不是一味地追求與眾不同。
Linda: What you see is just the distortive part of subculture. In fact, subculture embodies the popularity trend as well as the process for people to find out new things and reform traditions.
琳達：你只看到了非主流文化被曲解的一面。事實上非主流文化代表了一種流行趨勢，是人們發(fā)現(xiàn)新事物、改造傳統(tǒng)的過程。
Maya: It seems that I'm out of date； I can't accept this weird subculture after all.
瑪雅：看來我是跟不上潮流了，總之我無法接受這種怪異的非主流文化。
Linda: There are many people who hold the same view as you, which attributes to the misleading of public opinion. What they show are not the real subculture, but the strange behavior of a small part of people.
琳達：很多人和你的想法一樣，這都歸咎于輿論的誤導(dǎo)。他們所展現(xiàn)的并非真正的非主流文化，而是一小部分人的怪異行為。
Maya: Maybe.
瑪雅：或許吧。
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