八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)

Unit6 Fun Cycling
Topic1 We’re going on a spring field trip
一. 重點(diǎn)詞匯
( 一 ) 詞形轉(zhuǎn)換:
1.discuss(名詞) discussion 2.queen(對(duì)應(yīng)詞) king
3.comfortable(名詞) comfort 4.safely (形容詞) safe (名詞) safety
( 二 ) 詞的辨析
1. find out / look for / find 2. cost / pay for / spend on
3. other /else 4. raise /rise
5.each /every 6.exciting / excited
(三)重點(diǎn)詞組:
1.go on a visit to 去……旅行
2. make the decision 做決定
3.bring back 帶回
4.go on a field trip 去野外旅行
5.decide on (upon) sth 對(duì)某事做出決定
6 see the sunrise 看日出
7. make a reservation 預(yù)訂
8. come up with 想出（主意）
9. look forward to (doing) sth 期望
10. pay for 支付；賠償
11. raise money 籌錢
12. book a ticket 訂票
13. make a room for sb 為……訂房間
14. have a wonderful time 玩得愉快
15. in the daytime 在白天
16. a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行
17.find out 查出
18. some places of interest 名勝
19. rooms with bathtub 帶浴室的房間
20．a(chǎn) hard (soft) sleeper 硬（軟）臥
21.my pleasure 不客氣
二．重點(diǎn)句型及重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
1. I have some exciting news to tell you. 我有一些激動(dòng)人心的消息要告訴你們。
to tell you 是動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)， 作定語(yǔ)。動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如： I have nothing to talk about. He has a lot of work to do.
2. Sounds great!= It sounds great! 聽起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。
3. We will go on a two-day visit to Mount Tai. 我們將要去泰山玩兩天。
go on a visit to 去參觀/旅游 They went to a visit to Egypt last year.
類似有：go on a trip / go on a picnic
a two-day visit 為期兩天的旅行 a two-month holiday 兩個(gè)月的假期
an eighteen-year-old boy 一個(gè)18歲的男孩
4．It’s hard to say. 這很難說(shuō)。To say 是動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，It 是形式主語(yǔ)。
如： It’s nice to meet you.
5. I’ll ask the airline on the phone. 我將打電話問(wèn)問(wèn)航空公司。同義句是：
I’ll phone and ask the airline.
6. Bring back your information to class tomorrow and we’ll decide on the best way to go on our field trip. 明天把你們查到的信息帶到班上來(lái)，然后我們來(lái)決定最好的郊游方式。
bring back 帶回。Please bring back your library books tomorrow.
decide on/upon sth 決定，選定 We’re trying to decide on a school.
7.It’s too far for cycling. 騎自行車去路太遠(yuǎn)了。同義句是：It’ too far to cycle there.
8.How long does it take to reach Mount Tai by…？乘……去泰山要花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？
9．How much does it cost to go there ?去那里要花多少錢？
How much does a standard room cost ? 一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)間的價(jià)格是多少？
10.We have tickets at 120 yuan for the hard sleeper and 180 yuan for the soft sleeper.
我們的票價(jià)是硬臥120元，軟臥是180元。
at 意為“以……”，一般用于表示價(jià)格，年齡，速度等詞的前面，for 意為“供，適合于”。I’ve got tickets at 80 yuan for The Sound of Music.
11.I’d like to book 20 tickets for the hard sleeper. 我要預(yù)訂20張硬臥票。
20 tickets for the hard sleeper= 20 hard sleeper tickets
book tickets 預(yù)訂票 book a room for sb/sth 為……預(yù)訂房間
e.g. We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我們想預(yù)訂一些14號(hào)的房間。
12．Please pay for the tickets before 5:30 p.m. 請(qǐng)?jiān)谙挛?：30之前付款。
Pay for 支付 pay for sb to do sth 付錢給某人做某事
e.g. Her parents paid for her to go to America.她的父母支付她去美國(guó)的費(fèi)用.
13. I want to make a hotel reservation. 我想預(yù)訂房間。
make a reservation 預(yù)訂
14. We have rooms with a bathtub… 我們有帶浴缸……的房間。
with 有或帶著 a house with a swimming pool
a standard room with two single beds
15.It’s very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools. 在加拿大和美國(guó)的學(xué)校里籌錢是很正常的。raise money 籌錢 We can raise the money ourselves.
16.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticket for the draw.每一個(gè)學(xué)生花一美元便可買到一張抽獎(jiǎng)的票。
(1)each 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù) Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket.. （2）用于單數(shù)名詞前，作定語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Each student has their own e-mail address.
(3)用于復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ)后，作主語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。They each have their own e-mail address.
17. I am looking forward to hearing from you . 我盼望收到你的來(lái)信。
Look forward to 盼望，期待 They are looking forward to solving the problem.
三.重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法
動(dòng)詞不定式
（1） 動(dòng)詞不定式常跟這些及物動(dòng)詞之后，want ,refuse, forget, need , try, learn , like, agree, help, hope ,decide, begin等。可用順口溜（要想拒絕忘記，需要努力學(xué)習(xí)，喜歡同意幫助，希望決定開始）
（2） 不定式的否定形式是在to的前面直接加not. My mother decided not to buy a computer for me.
（3） 不定式可以和疑問(wèn)詞who , which ,when, where ,how, what等連用。 Can you tell me what to say at the meeting ? I don’t know how to get to the station.
（4） 本topic出現(xiàn)的句子有：
I have some exciting news to tell you.
I want to make a hotel reservation.
It is very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.
The best way to raise money is to sell newspapers.
I think the most exciting way is to sell flowers in the evening.
Kangkang helped us to book the train tickets.