GRE寫作官方題庫(kù)高頻ARGUMENT題目滿分范文分享：corporate downsizing in U.S.A.

　　"Your recent article on corporate downsizing* in the United States is misleading. The article gives the mistaken impression that many competent workers who lost jobs as a result of downsizing face serious economic hardship, often for years, before finding other suitable employment. But this impression is contradicted by a recent report on the United States economy, which found that since 1992 far more jobs have been created than have been eliminated. The report also demonstrates that many of those who lost their jobs have found new employment. Two-thirds of the newly created jobs have been in industries that tend to pay above-average wages, and the vast majority of these jobs are full-time."

　　*Downsizing is the process in which corporations deliberately reduce the number of their employees.

　　滿分范文解析

　　The statement above refutes the claims from a certain separate article's argument about widespread corporate downsizing and the effects that it has had on workers. To justify the disagreement, the speaker cites the following three findings of a recent report: (1) There has been a net increase in the number of new jobs created since 1992, (2) many workers who lost their jobs have found other work, and (3) most newly created jobs are full-time positions in industries which tend to pay above-average wages. Upon careful scrutiny, it is clear that the information presented it does little to support the disagreement presented therein.

　　【此段結(jié)構(gòu)】

　　本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument開頭段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：C – E - F的開頭結(jié)構(gòu)，首句概括原文的C(Conclusion)。接下來(lái)的一句話概括了原文為了支持他的結(jié)論所引用的E(Evidence)。最后尾句中給出開頭段到正文段的過(guò)渡句，指出原文在邏輯上存在F(Flaw)。

　　【此段功能】

　　本段作為Argument開頭段，具體功能就在發(fā)起攻擊。首先，概括原文的結(jié)論：駁斥也一篇文章中“公司downsizing和工人失業(yè)”的觀點(diǎn) 。接下來(lái)分別列舉了原文為了支持這個(gè)結(jié)論引用的證據(jù)：一是1992年來(lái)有更多的新崗位，二是一些失業(yè)的人又找到了其他工作，三是很多新工作是全職的而且薪水高于平均工資。論據(jù)的歸納用于鋪墊出正文段的具體攻擊。最后點(diǎn)出原文存在邏輯錯(cuò)誤，引出后面的分析。

　　Regarding the first finding, the editorial overlooks the possibility that most of the newly created jobs since 1992 are not suitable for those job seekers downsized by corporations. Perhaps the vast majority of these jobs involve food serving, clerical assistance, and maintenance, and other tasks requiring a low level of skill and experience. At the same time, perhaps most downsized job seekers are highly educated middle managers looking for the same type of work elsewhere. In short, what we’re lacking is a clear connection. We cannot determine if the workers referred to in the first article are the same workers that are clearly beneficiaries of job creation mentioned in the second article.

　　【此段結(jié)構(gòu)】

　　本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：概括第一個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤類型和原文犯錯(cuò)位置，接下來(lái)給出合理的理由和他因來(lái)反駁原文。

　　【此段功能】

　　本段作為正文第一段，攻擊文章犯的主要邏輯錯(cuò)誤：錯(cuò)誤因果。作者認(rèn)為原文忽視了一個(gè)可能性，即1992年以來(lái)增加的工作崗位未必適合那些公司下崗的員工。進(jìn)一步，作者詳細(xì)闡釋的這種可能性。可能很多新工作是food serving，clerical assistanc或mantenance這樣的低技術(shù)工種，下崗的員工可能都是受過(guò)高水平教育的中層管理者。作者提出，兩種工作缺乏connection，因此，原文結(jié)論是不可靠的。

　　As for the second finding, the term "many" is far too vague to allow for any meaningful conclusions. It may seem like a trifling matter but in an argument one must always have a clear understanding of the definition of terms. If "many" amounts to an insignificant percentage of downsized employees, then the finding is of little use in refuting the original article's claim.

　　【此段結(jié)構(gòu)】

　　本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：概括第二個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤類型和原文犯錯(cuò)位置，接下來(lái)給出合理的理由和他因來(lái)反駁原文。

　　【此段功能】

　　本段作為正文第二段，攻擊文章犯的主要邏輯錯(cuò)誤：論據(jù)模糊。作者認(rèn)為原文中提到的many不具有任何具體含義。進(jìn)一步，作者提出其他可能性來(lái)反駁原文中的結(jié)論，可能原文中的“many”值占了下崗工人總數(shù)的一小部分，使得原文結(jié)論缺乏準(zhǔn)確性。

　　The third finding would lend support to the author's argument only in the case that the following two assumptions could be substantiated: (1) that the newly created jobs in those high-paying industries are suitable for downsized corporate employees, and (2) that the new jobs are among the high-paying ones. Otherwise, downsized employees seeking jobs would be unlikely to regain their former economic status by applying for these newly created positions, whether or not these positions are full-time.

　　【此段結(jié)構(gòu)】

　　本段采用了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的Argument正文段結(jié)構(gòu)，即：概括第三個(gè)邏輯錯(cuò)誤的錯(cuò)誤類型和原文犯錯(cuò)位置，接下來(lái)給出合理的理由和他因來(lái)反駁原文。

　　【此段功能】

　　本段作為正文第三段，攻擊文章犯的主要邏輯錯(cuò)誤：因果類錯(cuò)誤。作者認(rèn)為原文的第三條觀點(diǎn)成立必須滿足兩個(gè)前提。首先，新工作要適合downsize corporation的員工。其次新工作屬于高薪工作。進(jìn)一步，作者提出，如果不滿足這兩個(gè)條件，員工可能不會(huì)獲得他們先前的經(jīng)濟(jì)地位。