金字塔巨石搬運(yùn)之謎終于破解

Constructed around 4,500 years ago, the Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and the only one that remains largely intact. For centuries, there has been considerable debate about how exactly the ancient Egyptians built the structure with researchers proposing several different theories.

胡夫金字塔建于4500年前，是世界古代七大奇跡之一。在七大奇跡之中，唯有胡夫金字塔得以保存完好至今。幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，關(guān)于古埃及人如何修建金字塔，研究人員提出了幾種不同的理論。但是關(guān)于問(wèn)題解釋一直存在極大爭(zhēng)議。

Now, a team from the French Institute for Oriental Archaeology in Cairo and the University of Liverpool, England, has uncovered evidence that casts new light on the mysterious construction process of the pyramid—which was built as a tomb for the Pharaoh Khufu (2609 BC-2584 BC).

現(xiàn)在，一支研究團(tuán)隊(duì)有了新的發(fā)現(xiàn)，此次發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)一步揭開(kāi)了埃及金字塔修建的神秘面紗。此金字塔是為法老胡夫(公元前2609 年-公元前2584年 )修建的墳?zāi)?。這支研究團(tuán)隊(duì)由開(kāi)羅的法國(guó)東方考古研究院和英國(guó)利物浦大學(xué)組成。

According to a statement from the Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities, the archaeologists found the remains of a unique system for transporting and removing stone blocks from an alabaster quarry, called Hatnub, in the Eastern Desert..

埃及古跡部門(mén)的一份聲明稱(chēng)，考古學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了從雪花石膏采石場(chǎng)運(yùn)送石塊的獨(dú)特設(shè)施的遺跡。這個(gè)名為Hatnub采石場(chǎng)位于東部沙漠。

Although, the Great Pyramid is mostly made from limestone, the Egyptians commonly used alabaster for some features, such flooring, as well as statues, coffins, tiles, vases and other objects.

盡管金字塔大部分由石灰?guī)r構(gòu)成，埃及人也常使用雪花石膏來(lái)塑造一些特殊部位，例如地板、雕塑、棺木，地磚、花瓶和其他物品。

The system that the archaeologists discovered to remove the alabaster was composed of a central ramp, surrounded by two staircases which contained several post holes.

考古學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)用來(lái)移動(dòng)雪花石膏的系統(tǒng)由一個(gè)主要的斜坡以及兩側(cè)包含了樁孔的樓梯構(gòu)成。

Using a sled which carried a stone block and was attached with ropes to these wooden posts, ancient Egyptians were able to pull up the alabaster blocks out of the quarry on very steep slopes of 20 percent or more,” Yannis Gourdon, one of the directors of the archaeological mission, told LiveScience.

把石塊放在有繩子的滑板上，然后把滑板放在這些可旋轉(zhuǎn)的木樁之上，拉動(dòng)繩子就可以讓埃及人將雪花石膏從采石場(chǎng)運(yùn)上一個(gè)坡度為20%及以上的陡峭斜坡。一位考古任務(wù)的負(fù)責(zé)人Yannis Gourdon對(duì)LiveScience說(shuō)。

The ropes attached to the sled make it easier to pull the sled up the ramp, according to the researchers, who say this is the first time that such a system has been discovered in an ancient Egyptian quarry. The findings could provide insights into the enduring mystery of how the massive limestone blocks, which make up the majority of the pyramid, were hauled up its sides.

據(jù)首次在采石場(chǎng)發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的調(diào)查者說(shuō)，在繩索的作用下，這些滑板更容易在斜坡上拉動(dòng)。這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)為“如何將金字塔主體的石灰?guī)r材料向上運(yùn)輸”的難題提供了思路。

This kind of system has never been discovered anywhere else," Gourdon said. "The study of the tool marks and the presence of two inscriptions led us to the conclusion that this system dates back at least to Khufu’s reign, the builder of the Great Pyramid in Giza.”

這種系統(tǒng)在以前從未在任何地方出現(xiàn)過(guò)，Gourdon說(shuō)，通過(guò)碑文和工具標(biāo)號(hào)可以推斷出這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的形成時(shí)間至少可以推測(cè)到胡夫(胡夫金字塔的主人)統(tǒng)治時(shí)期。

That means that during the time of Khufu, ancient Egyptians knew how to move huge blocks of stone using very steep slopes,” he added. “Therefore, they could have used it for the construction [of] his pyramid, Gourdon said.

這意味著，在胡夫時(shí)期，古埃及人知道如何用非常陡峭的斜坡移動(dòng)巨大的石塊。“他補(bǔ)充道。“因此，他們可以用它來(lái)建造他的金字塔，” Gourdon說(shuō)。