FT大視野：向數(shù)據(jù)要石油
在郁郁蔥蔥的美國加州門洛帕克市(Menlo Park)，就在距離Facebook總部不遠(yuǎn)的地方，坐落著斯倫貝謝(Schlumberger)的軟件技術(shù)創(chuàng)新中心(Software Technology Innovation Center)，這里給人的感覺就像又一家夢(mèng)想改變世界的硅谷企業(yè)。
Walls are covered with Post-it notes with ideas for product features and design principles, and the canteen has bowls of fruit and a shared pizza delivery every Friday lunchtime. Some of the engineers use standing desks and balance boards to exercise while they work. They are drawn from a diverse range of countries and industry backgrounds: one was at Nasa before coming here, another worked for HBO.
墻上貼滿了便簽紙，上面寫著關(guān)于產(chǎn)品特點(diǎn)和設(shè)計(jì)原則的想法，食堂放著水果盤，每周五的午餐時(shí)間有共享的外賣披薩。一些工程師在工作時(shí)使用站立式辦公桌和平衡板來鍛煉身體。他們來自不同國家和各種各樣的行業(yè)背景：其中一位之前在美國國家航空航天局(NASA)工作，另一位之前為HBO電視頻道工作。
Like many successful engineers in northern California, Ashok Belani, Schlumberger’s executive vice-president for technology and the force behind the centre, drives a Tesla to work.
像北加州許多成功的工程師一樣，斯倫貝謝負(fù)責(zé)技術(shù)的執(zhí)行副總裁、該中心的靈魂人物阿肖克•貝拉尼(Ashok Belani)駕駛一輛特斯拉(Tesla)上班。
What Schlumberger is doing, however, is far from typical for Silicon Valley: it is working to increase output and cut costs for an activity at the heart of the old economy, oil and gas production.
然而，斯倫貝謝從事的業(yè)務(wù)與硅谷的典型企業(yè)相去甚遠(yuǎn)：該公司正致力于為一項(xiàng)處于舊經(jīng)濟(jì)核心的活動(dòng)——石油和天然氣生產(chǎn)——提高產(chǎn)出，降低成本。
The technology centre that the oilfield services group has created is a sign of the huge changes under way in oil and gas, as the industry begins to adopt the latest innovations in information technology. Techniques such as advanced data analytics, used by Google, Facebook, Amazon and others mainly to disrupt consumer-facing businesses, are now increasingly being applied to the energy industry. Many oil executives believe the results could be similarly dramatic.
這家油田服務(wù)集團(tuán)創(chuàng)建的技術(shù)中心，體現(xiàn)了石油和天然氣領(lǐng)域正在發(fā)生的巨大變化，目前，該行業(yè)正開始應(yīng)用信息技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的最新創(chuàng)新。谷歌(Google)、Facebook、亞馬遜(Amazon)等公司使用的、旨在顛覆面向消費(fèi)者的企業(yè)的先進(jìn)數(shù)據(jù)分析等方法，正越來越多地被應(yīng)用于能源行業(yè)。石油業(yè)許多高管認(rèn)為，其結(jié)果可能同樣戲劇性。
The new opportunities being opened up include analysis of rocks to target wells more precisely in oil-bearing areas, reservoir models to enable production to be maximised through the lifetime of an oilfield, and automation that can make operations safer, more efficient and cheaper. 正被開辟的新機(jī)會(huì)包括：巖層分析，以便在油區(qū)更精確地鉆井;油層模型，使相關(guān)油田在整個(gè)生命周期的產(chǎn)出最
大化;自動(dòng)化，使開采作業(yè)更安全、更高效率、成本更低。
The increased production made possible by these innovations will put downward pressure on oil prices, creating headwinds for competing technologies including electric cars, and potential difficulties for producers in other countries that are not able to cut their costs the same way. It will also mean disruption for many in the oil industry, with job losses and changes in working patterns and culture.
這些創(chuàng)新帶來的產(chǎn)出增加，將給油價(jià)帶來下行壓力，給電動(dòng)車之類的競爭性技術(shù)帶來阻力，潛在還會(huì)給其他國家無法以同樣方式削減成本的生產(chǎn)商帶來困難。這種局面還意味著給石油行業(yè)的許多參與者帶來劇變，導(dǎo)致失業(yè)以及工作模式和文化的變化。
Matt Rogers of McKinsey, the consultancy, says forecasters have failed to grasp fully the scale of the coming changes. “I don’t think we’ve built into our supply-side models just how much more oil this will provide,” he says. “The world in 10 years will feel very different . . . It’s going to feel like we’re in Star Wars compared to where we are now.”
咨詢公司麥肯錫(McKinsey)的馬特•羅杰斯(Matt Rogers)表示，預(yù)測(cè)者未能充分把握即將到來的變化的規(guī)模。“我認(rèn)為我們并未在供應(yīng)側(cè)模型中計(jì)入這將帶來多少額外的石油產(chǎn)量，”他說，“10年后的世界將讓人感覺有很大的不同……與現(xiàn)在的局面相比，那時(shí)將讓人感覺身處《星球大戰(zhàn)》(Star Wars)時(shí)代。”
Big Data | Big Oil 大數(shù)據(jù)|大石油
1m 100萬
Number of sensors collecting data in Chevron oilfield in Kazakhstan
在雪佛龍(Chevron)哈薩克斯坦油田采集數(shù)據(jù)的傳感器數(shù)量
10%-20% 10%-20%
IEA estimate of cut in oil production costs from digital technologies
國際能源署(IEA)估算的數(shù)字技術(shù)可帶來的石油生產(chǎn)成本降幅
The oil industry has for decades been at the cutting edge of advances in information technology. John Browne, the former chief executive of BP, began his career at the end of the 1960s mapping oil reservoirs in Alaska using a computer that was the state of the art at the time. On the Top 500 list of the world’s most powerful supercomputers today, the leading private sector owners include Total and Eni, the French and Italian oil groups, and Petroleum Geo Services, a reservoir imaging company.
幾十年來，石油行業(yè)一直處于信息技術(shù)進(jìn)步的前沿。英國石油公司(BP)前首席執(zhí)行官約翰•布朗(John Browne)上世紀(jì)60年代末開始他的職業(yè)生涯時(shí)，使用一臺(tái)當(dāng)時(shí)極為先進(jìn)的電腦在阿拉斯加繪制油層。在當(dāng)今世界上最強(qiáng)大的超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)500強(qiáng)名單中，主要私營部門所有者包括法國石油集團(tuán)道達(dá)爾(Total)、意大利埃尼石油(ENI)以及油藏成像公司Petroleum Geo Services。
The difference now is the rise of cloud computing services, which make it possible to store and analyse data at a relatively low cost, opening up possibilities for new applications for a much wider range of companies. The oil industry generates large volumes of data, both structured, such as temperature and pressure readings; and unstructured, such as video footage — and the quantity is growing all the time. The cost of sensors for collecting more data are falling and their sophistication rising, making it possible to monitor more aspects of an operation such as drilling a well.
現(xiàn)在的不同之處在于，云計(jì)算服務(wù)的發(fā)展使得以相對(duì)較低的成本存儲(chǔ)和分析數(shù)據(jù)成為可能，從而為更大范圍的企業(yè)打開了新應(yīng)用的大門。石油行業(yè)產(chǎn)生大量數(shù)據(jù)(包括溫度、壓力讀數(shù)等結(jié)構(gòu)化的數(shù)據(jù)，以及視頻等非結(jié)構(gòu)化的數(shù)據(jù))，且數(shù)量一直在增加。用于采集更多數(shù)據(jù)的傳感器的成本正在下降，而技術(shù)含量不斷提升，使監(jiān)測(cè)鉆井等作業(yè)的更多方面成為可能。
Bill Braun, chief information officer of Chevron, the US oil group, says the volume of data the company handles has been doubling every 12-18 months. The expansion of its Tengiz oilfield in Kazakhstan, scheduled to start production in 2022, will include about 1m sensors.
美國石油集團(tuán)雪佛龍首席信息官比爾•布勞恩(Bill Braun)表示，該公司處理的數(shù)據(jù)量每12至18個(gè)月就翻一番。該集團(tuán)在哈薩克斯坦Tengiz油田的擴(kuò)建項(xiàng)目(計(jì)劃于2022年投產(chǎn))將包含約100萬個(gè)傳感器。
Much of the industry’s data are never used, however. “A lot of data are collected, but a lot of it is very isolated,” says Binu Mathew, head of product management for digital at Baker Hughes, the oilfield services group majority owned by General Electric. “Only a small percentage of it is actually being analysed.”
然而，石油業(yè)的很多數(shù)據(jù)都從未被使用過。“大量數(shù)據(jù)被采集，但其中有很多是孤立的，”通用電氣(GE)持有多數(shù)股的油田服務(wù)集團(tuán)貝克休斯(Baker Hughes)的數(shù)字產(chǎn)品管理主管比努•馬修(Binu Mathew)表示，“實(shí)際上只有一小部分得到了分析。”
Al Walker, chief executive of Anadarko Petroleum, a US independent oil producer, observed at the CERAWeek conference in Houston last year that although the company recorded a lot of data, “we don’t do that much with it”. He added: “I have terabytes and terabytes of seismic data, and I might use 5 per cent of that.”
美國獨(dú)立石油企業(yè)阿納達(dá)科石油公司(Anadarko Petroleum)首席執(zhí)行官阿爾•沃克(Al Walker)去年在休斯頓舉行的劍橋能源周(CERAWeek)會(huì)議上表示，盡管該公司記錄了大量數(shù)據(jù)，但“我們并沒怎么利用”。他補(bǔ)充說：“我有TB級(jí)的海量地震勘測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)，而我或許用了其中的5%。”
Now that is changing. Data that have been collected on engineers’ laptops, or on paper, out in the field, and sometimes copied over by hand, can instead be transferred automatically back to the office. Old records stretching back decades are being converted into coherent data sets. A survey of oil executives last year by Accenture, another consultancy, found 70 per cent of them expected to invest more in digital technologies, with data storage and services the top priorities. It has become a cliché to say that “data are the new oil” — many companies are now looking for ways to turn data into oil.
現(xiàn)在這種局面正在改變。以往由工程師在現(xiàn)場記錄在筆記本電腦或者手寫在本子上、有時(shí)隨后用手工謄寫的數(shù)據(jù)，現(xiàn)在可以自動(dòng)傳送回辦公室?？梢宰匪葜翈资昵暗呐f記錄正被轉(zhuǎn)換為一致的數(shù)據(jù)集。咨詢公司埃森哲(Accenture)去年對(duì)石油業(yè)高管進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，70%的受訪者預(yù)期將加大對(duì)數(shù)字技術(shù)的投資，重點(diǎn)是數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)和服務(wù)。“數(shù)據(jù)就是新石油”的說法已成為老生常談，許多公司正在尋找將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為石油的方法。
There has been a spate of alliances between IT companies and oil companies. Microsoft last year signed strategic partnerships with Halliburton, another large oilfield services group, and with Chevron. Nvidia, which makes high-performance chips first used in the video game industry, has been working with Schlumberger, Halliburton and others to adapt its technology for viewing and interpreting seismic information. A year ago it announced a partnership with Baker Hughes on using artificial intelligence to help extract and process oil and gas.
IT公司和石油公司之間已經(jīng)結(jié)成了大量聯(lián)盟。微軟(Microsoft)去年與大型油田服務(wù)集團(tuán)哈利伯頓(Halliburton)以及雪佛龍簽署了戰(zhàn)略合作伙伴關(guān)系。制造用于視頻游戲的高性能芯片的英偉達(dá)(Nvidia)，一直在與斯倫貝謝、哈利伯頓等公司合作，以便將該公司的技術(shù)用于查看和解讀地震勘測(cè)信息。一年前，英偉達(dá)宣布與貝克休斯合作，利用人工智能幫助開采和加工石油和天然氣。
The new technologies are creating business opportunities. Schlumberger, now the world’s largest listed oilfield services group, was founded by two French brothers who in 1926 launched a company to use electrical measurements to map rocks below the surface. Understanding what is happening in oil and gas reservoirs below the surface is still the company’s core competency, but it is increasing the range of services it can provide. Last year it launched a new software system called Delfi, which makes it possible to bring together and co-ordinate the way wells are designed, drilled and brought into production, to maximise output from an entire oilfield.
新技術(shù)正在帶來種種商業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)。如今是全球最大上市油田服務(wù)集團(tuán)的斯倫貝謝，由兩名法國兄弟在1926年創(chuàng)立，他們利用電阻率測(cè)井法來測(cè)繪地下巖層。探測(cè)地下油氣層狀況仍是該公司的核心競爭力，但該公司正在擴(kuò)大服務(wù)范圍。去年，該公司推出了一款名為Delfi的新軟件系統(tǒng)，可用于整合和協(xié)調(diào)油井設(shè)計(jì)、鉆井和完井的方式，以最大限度提高整個(gè)油田的產(chǎn)出。
Mr Belani hopes that by the end of this year, oil companies will be using the technology “on a regular basis” in the US and around the world. In the shale oilfields of the US, the new system could cut production costs by 40 per cent within the next decade, he says.
貝拉尼希望，到今年底，石油公司將在美國乃至世界各地“常態(tài)化地”使用這項(xiàng)技術(shù)。他表示，在美國的頁巖油田，這一新系統(tǒng)有望在未來10年內(nèi)使生產(chǎn)成本降低40%。
Other estimates of the impact of digital technologies are more modest. The International Energy Agency, the habitually cautious government-backed watchdog, last year suggested it could cut oil and gas production costs by 10-20 per cent.
其他人對(duì)數(shù)字技術(shù)帶來的影響的估計(jì)更為保守。作為政府支持的監(jiān)督機(jī)構(gòu)，國際能源署向來比較謹(jǐn)慎，該機(jī)構(gòu)去年提出，數(shù)字技術(shù)有望使油氣生產(chǎn)成本降低10%至20%。
But Mr Belani says digitalisation represents a “step change” in the industry’s economics, just like the advances in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing that first made production of shale gas commercially viable, about 15 years ago.
但貝拉尼表示，數(shù)字化代表了行業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)性的一大“巨變”，就像水平鉆井和水力壓裂技術(shù)的進(jìn)步在大約15年前首次使頁巖氣生產(chǎn)具備商業(yè)可行性那樣。
“It might help keep oil prices at the reasonable levels, meaning in the $60s, and let everyone produce economically,” he says.
他說：“這或許有助于使油價(jià)保持在合理水平，也就是在每桶60至70美元之間，讓每家企業(yè)都能以經(jīng)濟(jì)上可行的方式生產(chǎn)。”
Like Schlumberger, GE has chosen to put some of its digital operations in the San Francisco Bay area, to develop links with local IT businesses and with Stanford University, and to draw on the region’s pool of talent.
和斯倫貝謝一樣，通用電氣也選擇把一部分?jǐn)?shù)字業(yè)務(wù)放在舊金山灣區(qū)，以便與當(dāng)?shù)豂T公司和斯坦福大學(xué)(Stanford University)建立聯(lián)系，并利用該地區(qū)的人才資源。
Across the bay from Silicon Valley, in San Ramon, Baker Hughes has a digital technology centre in a building shared with the software operations of its parent GE. It also shares GE’s software platform, Predix, which it uses for applications for oil and gas.
在與硅谷隔著一道海灣的圣拉蒙市(San Ramon)，貝克休斯數(shù)字技術(shù)中心與母公司通用電氣的軟件業(yè)務(wù)合用一棟大樓。它還共享通用電氣的軟件平臺(tái)Predix，將其用于油氣領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用。
One of the parts of the industry that is moving fastest to grasp the potential of the new technologies has been the shale business in North America. Many thousands of wells are drilled there every year, making it possible to learn from past efforts and quickly apply those lessons. There have been spectacular increases in productivity, driven in recent years by refinements that are sometimes referred to as “shale 2.0”, including drilling longer horizontal wells. But progress so far has largely been a matter of trial and error: experimenting with a new technique and keeping going if it seems to work.
最快采取行動(dòng)抓住新技術(shù)潛力的行業(yè)參與者是北美的頁巖產(chǎn)業(yè)。北美每年鉆鑿好幾千口井，使得企業(yè)可以從過去的努力吸取經(jīng)驗(yàn)，然后迅速將其應(yīng)用于實(shí)踐。近年來，在有時(shí)被稱為“頁巖2.0”的各種技術(shù)革新的推動(dòng)下，生產(chǎn)率出現(xiàn)了大幅提升。但迄今的進(jìn)展在很大程度上是一個(gè)試錯(cuò)的過程：用一種新方法進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，如果看起來管用，就繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。
Data analytics offer a chance to make that experimentation more scientific and inject new life into productivity. Some early results have been promising: BP’s chief executive Bob Dudley said last week that it had worked with a Silicon Valley start-up to develop an optimisation model, and had been able to raise production at the 180 wells in its pilot project by 20 per cent.
數(shù)據(jù)分析提供了一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，讓實(shí)驗(yàn)更加科學(xué)，并為生產(chǎn)率注入新的活力。一些初步成果顯示出光明前景：英國石油(BP)首席執(zhí)行官戴德立(Bob Dudley)最近表示，該公司與硅谷一家初創(chuàng)企業(yè)合作開發(fā)了一種優(yōu)化模型，已將試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目中的180口油井的產(chǎn)量提高了20%。
The potential gains are huge. Companies are recovering only about 8-10 per cent of the oil in place in US shale, so if new systems could raise that rate by even a few percentage points, the results would be dramatic.
潛在收益巨大。在美國頁巖油行業(yè)，目前企業(yè)僅能采收約8%至10%的石油地質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量，因此，如果新系統(tǒng)能將采收率提高哪怕幾個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，結(jié)果都將是戲劇性的。
There is also a lot of scope for automation in shale. Today there might be 26 people in a drilling rig crew, Mr Belani says. In five years’ time there could be just five.
頁巖行業(yè)還有很大的自動(dòng)化空間。貝拉尼表示，現(xiàn)在一個(gè)鉆井平臺(tái)上可能有26名工作人員，而5年后可能5人就夠了。
Mr Braun says that now, “humans are largely driving the drill bit. But we believe that will increasingly be automated and turned over to a computer, just like an autopilot in an aircraft.”
布勞恩表示，如今，“人力主要的作用是操縱鉆頭。但我們相信，這種操作將日益自動(dòng)化，并轉(zhuǎn)交由電腦處理，就像飛機(jī)上的自動(dòng)駕駛儀一樣。”
Automation is already on the rise. Schlumberger has started shifting its horizontal drilling experts from out in the field to its Houston offices, from where they can watch over operations for six wells at a time, instead of just one.
自動(dòng)化程度已開始上升。斯倫貝謝已開始將其水平鉆井專家從現(xiàn)場轉(zhuǎn)移到其休斯頓辦公室。在那里，專家們可以一次監(jiān)視6口、而非僅僅1口油井的作業(yè)。
Like other sectors disrupted by the latest wave of innovation, the oil industry is facing radical changes in terms of job losses and transformed employment patterns. “It’s going to be uncomfortable for a while,” Mr Rogers says.
就像被最新一輪創(chuàng)新浪潮顛覆的其他行業(yè)一樣，石油業(yè)面臨著巨大的變化，包括失業(yè)和用工模式轉(zhuǎn)變。“這種不舒服會(huì)持續(xù)一段時(shí)期，”麥肯錫的羅杰斯說。
Realising the full potential of the new technologies will mean bringing in more people with skills in software and data science. It will also mean overhauling corporate structures. “There’s a lot of problems still to be solved,” says Kausar Qazilbash of Accenture. “It’s not simple: it’s a massive shift in management that requires technological change and operational change.”
實(shí)現(xiàn)新技術(shù)的全部潛力，將意味著引進(jìn)更多具備軟件和數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)技能的人才，還將意味著徹底改革公司結(jié)構(gòu)。“還有很多問題有待解決，”埃森哲的考薩爾•卡齊爾巴什(Kausar Qazilbash)說，“這并不簡單：這是重大的管理轉(zhuǎn)型，需要技術(shù)變革和運(yùn)營變革。”
If it can be accomplished successfully, the adoption of the new digital techniques will help defend oil and gas against the growing threat from renewable energy, battery storage and electric vehicles. Those new energy technologies are rapidly improving efficiency and cutting costs. But their old rivals in fossil fuels are not standing still.
如果這種轉(zhuǎn)型能夠成功完成，采用新的數(shù)字技術(shù)將幫助石油和天然氣抵御可再生能源、蓄電池儲(chǔ)能和電動(dòng)車日益增長的威脅。新能源技術(shù)正在迅速提高效率和降低成本，但它們?cè)诨剂项I(lǐng)域的老對(duì)手并沒有止步不前。
“We are just scratching the surface of what can be done with artificial intelligence,” says Mr Mathew at Baker Hughes. “This is one of those uses that will change the world.”
“在人工智能可以做到什么的問題上，我們只是觸及了表面，”貝克休斯的馬修說，“這是那些將改變世界的用途之一。”
New techniques: How oil groups are using computers to cut costs
延伸閱讀——新方法：石油集團(tuán)如何使用計(jì)算機(jī)降低成本
The oil and gas industry is beginning to adopt new techniques made possible by modern computers that can store and process large and complex data sets. Often these techniques will employ “machine learning”, a form of artificial intelligence that uses algorithms to draw conclusions by studying large data sets. The applications include:
石油和天然氣行業(yè)已開始采用因現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)而變得可能的新方法，這些計(jì)算機(jī)可以存儲(chǔ)和處理大型復(fù)雜的數(shù)據(jù)集。這些方法往往采用“機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)”，這是一種利用算法的人工智能形式，通過研究大型數(shù)據(jù)集來得出結(jié)論。其應(yīng)用場合包括：
Seismic analysis
地震勘測(cè)分析
Building a picture of rock formations and the location of oil and gas miles below the surface using seismic and other surveys is a highly complex operation. Powerful computers enable companies to understand more about the geology of regions that are difficult to observe, and to predict more accurately where oil can be found.
利用地震勘測(cè)和其他勘測(cè)來繪制地下數(shù)英里處巖層和油氣藏位置，是一項(xiàng)非常復(fù)雜的工作。強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)使企業(yè)能夠加深了解難以觀測(cè)的地區(qū)的地質(zhì)情況，并更準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)在哪里有望找到石油。
Production optimisation
生產(chǎn)優(yōu)化
The flow of oil from a reservoir depends on a complex range of factors including the length and spacing of the wells and the types of fracturing used. Modern techniques allow companies to maximise the value from a field, sometimes throttling back initial production to achieve a higher ultimate return.
源自油藏的石油流動(dòng)取決于一系列復(fù)雜的因素，包括油井的長度和間距，以及使用的壓裂類型?，F(xiàn)代技術(shù)讓企業(yè)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)油田價(jià)值的最大化，有時(shí)會(huì)抑制初始產(chǎn)量，以獲得更高的最終回報(bào)。
Predictive maintenance
預(yù)見性維護(hù)
Studying all the data associated with pieces of equipment such as pumps and valves can give indications as to when they are likely to fail, allowing them to be repaired or replaced before they break. The result is better safety and an ability to streamline maintenance schedules.
研究關(guān)于設(shè)備部件(如泵和閥門)的所有數(shù)據(jù)，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)有關(guān)它們何時(shí)可能發(fā)生故障的跡象，以便在它們損壞之前進(jìn)行修理或更換。其結(jié)果是更好的安全性，并且有能力簡化維護(hù)日程表。
Automation
自動(dòng)化
The spread of intelligent and connected devices means that processes that traditionally needed skilled staff at a wellhead or processing plant can increasingly be run remotely. The result will be lower labour costs, greater safety with fewer workers in hazardous environments, and increased efficiency.
智能和網(wǎng)聯(lián)設(shè)備的普及意味著，傳統(tǒng)上在井口或加工廠需要熟練員工操作的流程，可以越來越多地以遠(yuǎn)程方式操作。其結(jié)果將是降低勞動(dòng)力成本，減少危險(xiǎn)環(huán)境中工人數(shù)量從而提高安全性，以及提高效率。
Security 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全
The energy industry is already a prime target for cyber attacks, such as the Shamoon and Shamoon 2 viruses that hit Saudi Aramco in 2012 and 2016. Increased mobile connectivity, the greater use of operational data and automation create new vulnerabilities, and oil companies need to deploy the most advanced technology to protect themselves.
能源行業(yè)已成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)攻擊的一個(gè)主要目標(biāo)，比如2012年和2016年襲擊沙特阿拉伯國家石油公司(Saudi Aramco，簡稱沙特阿美)的Shamoon 和Shamoon 2病毒。移動(dòng)聯(lián)網(wǎng)的增多、對(duì)作業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)加大利用以及自動(dòng)化帶來了新漏洞，因此石油公司需要部署最先進(jìn)的技術(shù)來保護(hù)自己。
