中英雙語(yǔ)話歷史:淝水之戰(zhàn)

　　Although resting content with retaining sovereign inthe south, rulers of the Eastern Jin did plan torecover the Central Plains in the north.

　　東晉雖然偏安于江南,但歷代帝王在位的時(shí)候都希望收復(fù)北方的國(guó)土。

　　Led by the four ranking families of Wang, Xie, Huanand Yu in succession, these southern nobles carriedout several expenditures towards the north.

　　其中以王、謝、桓、庾四大家族為主的北伐，在東晉時(shí)曾進(jìn)行過(guò)多次。

　　In 311 Zu Ti, a southern gentry-official, once led anexpeditionary force to the north and regained the Yellow River valley for a short time. However,Zu Ti died from too much upsetting for being not trusted by the court and left the cause ofrecovering the north unfinished.

　　公元311年，大將祖逖出兵收復(fù)河北，但后因受到朝廷的排斥憂郁而死，最終未能完成統(tǒng)一大業(yè)。

　　Afterwards ,most of the gentry-officials in power advocated northern expeditions so as to gaintheir family prestige. Among them, three northern expeditions led by Huan Wen are the bestknown.

　　在此之后，當(dāng)權(quán)的士族多標(biāo)榜北伐以增加門戶威望，其中以桓溫的三次北伐最為著名。

　　His armies took Luoyang, entered Guanzhong and reached Hebei. But he did not consolidatethese victories.

　　他曾經(jīng)收復(fù)洛陽(yáng)，進(jìn)入關(guān)中，進(jìn)兵河北，但都未能夠鞏固北伐成果。

　　In 386, the Former Qin forces marched southward and threatened the Eastern Jin impressively.

　　公元386年，前秦南下,東晉面臨空前威脅。

　　In January 382, The King of Former Qin called together his ministers to discuss theexpenditure plan to reunify the imperial China.

　　382年(太元七年)一月，前秦苻堅(jiān)召集群臣商議南伐，準(zhǔn)備統(tǒng)一中國(guó)。

　　In discussion, Fu Jian insisted the march despite most of his ministers opposed the riskingoperation.

　　當(dāng)時(shí)，絕大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為不可輕舉妄動(dòng)，但苻堅(jiān)卻堅(jiān)持己見。

　　In July of the following year, Fu Jian ordered a decisive campaign and started to draft recruitsthe nationwide.

　　次年七月，苻堅(jiān)下詔大舉伐晉，在全國(guó)征兵。

　　In August, Fu Jian set out from Chang an with his infantry force of 600 000 and cavalry forceof 270000, in such an impressive strength that it was depicted as uthe initial banners andbeats can nearly link to that of the end, and the troops in marching occupy thousands of roads” All the troops headed for the south.

　　八月，苻堅(jiān)從長(zhǎng)安啟程，秦軍步兵60萬(wàn)，騎兵27萬(wàn)，“旗鼓相望， 前后千里”，從各地一齊向南進(jìn)發(fā)。

　　In sheer swell, Fu Jian even boasted his men to carry with him the stuffs such as the titles andranks for the will-be captured Emperor and ministers of the Eastern Jin.

　　這時(shí)苻堅(jiān)非常驕傲，出發(fā)前連東晉皇帝、宰相俘虜后的官號(hào)、公館都準(zhǔn)備好了。

　　Scared by this threatening pose, the Eastern Jin fell into the state of turmoil.

　　東晉聞苻堅(jiān)率大軍南下，惶恐不安。

　　Nevertheless, Chancellor Xie An devised strategies in great composure by or-dered his onebrother Xie Shi to assume the position of chief general to marshal in headquarters and hisnephew, Xie Xuan as the vanguard in the battle field. The 80 000 opposing army and 5 000navies were meeting their enemy in the south.

　　宰相謝安沉著冷靜，派弟謝石為大都督，侄子謝玄為前鋒，率八萬(wàn)北府兵、水軍五千迎戰(zhàn)。

　　In October, the vanguard Fu Rong took over Shouchun and entered Luojian (west of Dingyuan,Anhui) and closed off Huai River to block Jin army and the latter had to station in the place 25miles away from Luojian.

　　十月，前秦先鋒苻融攻占?jí)鄞?，進(jìn)駐洛澗(安徽定遠(yuǎn)西)，封鎖淮水，阻擋晉軍前進(jìn)。晉軍被阻，在距洛澗25里的地方駐扎。

　　Informed the facts that the Jin army had merely insufficient supplies , Fu Jian hurried toShouchun with 8 000 strong crack horsemen and sent the surrendered general of Jin, Zhu Xuto intimidate Xie Shi to give in.

　　當(dāng)苻豎得知晉軍先鋒缺乏糧草的情況后，便親率精騎八千,兼程趕往壽春，并派俘虜?shù)臅x將朱序到晉營(yíng)威脅謝石投降。

　　Devoted to Jin, Zhu Xu told Xie Shi all the confidentials and actual strength of the Former Qin,furthermore, he suggested deboosting the morale of Qin before the main force approaching.

　　朱序不忘故國(guó),見到謝石告訴了秦軍的虛實(shí)，并勸謝石乘前秦大軍未到，挫其銳氣，爭(zhēng)取全勝。

　　Following Zhu Xu’s advice, a subordinate general Liu Laozhi, led 5000 crack forces to attackthe Qin vanguard unit at Luojian at night. The Qin unit suffered 15 000 casualties.

　　謝石采納朱序的建議，派名將劉牢之率精兵五千渡河夜襲洛澗，殲滅前秦軍一萬(wàn)五千。

　　Meanwhile the main force of Xie Shi proceeded along the Huai River, reached at the east bank ofFeishui (now Feihe south of Shouxian county, Aihui), facing Qin army.

　　謝石等又率大軍沿淮水前進(jìn),到淝水(安徽壽縣淝河南)東岸與秦軍隔河對(duì)峙。

　　Seeing from the wall of Shouchun City, Fu Jian and Fu Rong observed that Jin army was well-organized, mistaking the trees on the Bagong Mountain as the armed soldiers, Fu Jian was byall means lost the hold.

　　苻堅(jiān)聽說(shuō)晉軍攻到，便與苻融登上壽春城觀看形勢(shì)，見晉軍部伍嚴(yán)整，又望見八公山(安徽壽春北)上的草木，以為皆是晉兵，不免有些驚恐。

　　When asked to move back a little for a decisive battle so that Jin troops could cross the river,Fu Jian agreed, hoping to strike his blow home while the Jin troops were half-way across.

　　謝玄派人要求苻融 把陣地后移，以便晉軍渡河決戰(zhàn)，苻堅(jiān)企圖在晉軍半渡時(shí)發(fā)動(dòng)突然襲擊，便揮軍后撤。

　　Unexpectedly, when the order of withdrawal was given, the Qin troop panicked and ran inconfuse with Zhu Xu spreading the news that Fu Jian was beaten up.Jumping at theopportunity, the Jin soldiers launched a full-scale offensive attack, and scattered their enemy.

　　不料隊(duì)伍因此大亂，朱序又在陣后連呼苻堅(jiān)敗了，晉軍乘勝追擊，驅(qū)散敵軍。

　　Fu Jian fled, by the time reached Luoyang, his army was down to only a little more than 100000men.

　　苻堅(jiān)逃走,到洛陽(yáng)，檢點(diǎn)余眾，不過(guò)十余萬(wàn)人。

　　The battle of Feishui was Former Qin ’s attempt to reunify the imperial China.

　　淝水之戰(zhàn)是前秦企圖統(tǒng)一全國(guó)的一次戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。

　　Due to the preparation and situation then, the endeavor was premature. Xie Shi and Xie Xuanleading the Beifu troops utterly defeated the Former Qin forces and won a decisive victory atthe Battle of Feishui.

　　當(dāng)時(shí)，綜合各個(gè)方面的情況看，時(shí)機(jī)和條件顯然還不成熟，謝石、謝玄領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的北府軍擊敗了前秦，取得了決定性的勝利。

　　The southern China was shunned from the chaos and wreck so its development continued. Butthis relief from external threat was followed by a series of internal disturbances.

　　淝水之戰(zhàn)后，南方由于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝利,避免了一場(chǎng)大的混亂和破壞，經(jīng)濟(jì)文化得以繼續(xù)發(fā)展，同時(shí)確定了南北長(zhǎng)期對(duì)峙的局面。

　　First, Sun En and Lu Xun launched rebellions. Then Huan Xuan won the civil war and usurpedthe throne.

　　此后,南方由于外亂威脅解除而爆發(fā)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，孫恩、盧循起兵?；感趦?nèi)戰(zhàn)中獲勝，一度篡晉。

　　Later, General Liu Yu of the Beifu troops suppressed the peasant uprisings and gainedprestige through a number of northern expeditions. At last, he established his own state toreplace the Eastern Jin.

　　北府兵將領(lǐng)劉裕起兵鎮(zhèn)壓了農(nóng)民軍，并通過(guò)北伐樹立威望，最終取代東晉。