英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)中最重要的一課了,很多人在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候?qū)@兩個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)是有點(diǎn)模糊不清的,因?yàn)樗闹R(shí)點(diǎn)太龐大了,下面就由小編攜手聽(tīng)力課堂帶大家了解一下相關(guān)的資訊吧。
英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的四種類型及用法:
一、動(dòng)詞+副詞
有的一般不跟賓語(yǔ),如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等;有的可以跟賓語(yǔ),如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fix up, hand in, mix up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。
注意:賓語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí),放在副詞前面或后面都可以,但若作賓語(yǔ)的是人稱代詞時(shí),就只能放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間了。如:
We’ve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我們決定把會(huì)議推遲。
We’ve decided to put it off. 我們決定將它推遲。(不說(shuō)put off it)
二、動(dòng)詞+介詞
如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。后面必須接賓語(yǔ)。如:
I don’t care for tea. 我不喜歡喝茶。
三、動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞
如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如:
She soon caught up with us. 她很快趕上了我們。
四、動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞
如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出貢獻(xiàn)等。如:
Take care of your brother while I am away. 我不在的時(shí)候,你要照顧好你弟弟。
write與write about的區(qū)別:
1. write your ideas 意思是:把你的想法(觀點(diǎn),看法)寫出來(lái)。
2. write about your ideas 意思是:把你想法(觀點(diǎn),看法)的論據(jù)(理由)寫出來(lái)。
前者表示:動(dòng)賓關(guān)系是“直接”的;后者表示:動(dòng)賓關(guān)系是“間接接”的。
網(wǎng)友問(wèn):I read about the book before. 請(qǐng)問(wèn),“讀書”是read the book,為何還要加一個(gè)about呢?
這個(gè)問(wèn)題很有意思。在這個(gè)句子中,read about the book不是“讀書”,而是“讀到關(guān)于那本書的介紹”。請(qǐng)比較以下兩個(gè)句子有何異同:
I’ve read the novel and I think it is very instructive. 我讀過(guò)那本小說(shuō),我認(rèn)為它很有教育意義。
I’ve read about the novel, but I wonder whether it is worth reading at all. 我讀過(guò)那本小說(shuō)的介紹,但我不知道它是否值得一讀。
read和read about為何有如此大的差別呢?原來(lái),在read the novel中,read是及物動(dòng)詞,是一種直接的閱讀;而在read about the novel中,read是不及物動(dòng)詞,是一種間接的閱讀,可以理解為在它后面省略了something, 即:read something about the novel。
總之,read the book和read about the book是直接和間接的關(guān)系。又如:
I know about him, but I don’t know him. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)他,但我不認(rèn)識(shí)他。
We heard about / of the pop singer, but unfortunately we haven’t heard her sing. 我們聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這位流行歌手,但很遺憾我們沒(méi)有親耳聽(tīng)她演唱過(guò)。
I am not a writer, and I can’t write a novel. But I can write about a novel. 我不是作家,我不會(huì)寫小說(shuō)。但我可以寫小說(shuō)評(píng)論。
英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
got和gotten的區(qū)別:
1. 用于get的完成式用法
△從他的角度來(lái)看,他本應(yīng)得到這份工作。
英:From his standpoint, he should have got the job.
美:From his standpoint, he should have gotten the job.
△他們一定是迷路了,否則現(xiàn)在他們應(yīng)該到了。
英:They must have got lost or they’d be here by now.
美:They must have gotten lost or they’d be here by now.
△如果今天早上我起來(lái)早一點(diǎn),我可能不會(huì)遲到。
英:If I had got up earlier this morning, I might not have been late.
美:If I had gotten up earlier this morning, I might not have been late.
2. 表示“有”“擁有”等的用法:
(1) 表示“有”“擁有”:
△我身上沒(méi)有錢。
英:I have (got) no money with me / on me.
美:I have (gotten) no money with me / on me.
△真幸運(yùn),湯姆有一輛汽車。
英:It’s lucky that Tom has (got) a car.
美:It’s lucky that Tom has (gotten) a car.
(2) 表示“有…要(做)”“必須(做)”:
△今晚我有很多事要做。
英:I have (got) a lot of things to do tonight.
美:I have (gotten) a lot of things to do tonight.
(3)(用于代替 there is, 表示某事物存在或發(fā)生了某事):
△有兩位房客和他同住。
英:He has (got) two tenants living with him.
美:He has (gotten) two tenants living with him.
beat與defeat區(qū)別:
這兩個(gè)詞無(wú)論在形式還是意思上都有相似之處,有時(shí)甚至可以通用。但它們也有一定的區(qū)別:
1. 兩者用作動(dòng)詞都可表示“打敗”、“戰(zhàn)勝”、“擊敗”等,??苫Q,只是 defeat 比 beat 更正式,其后的賓語(yǔ)通常是比賽或戰(zhàn)斗的對(duì)手。如:
They beat [defeated] the enemy. 他們打敗了敵人。
He beat [defeated] me at swimming. 他游泳勝過(guò)了我。
We beat [defeated] their team by ten points. 我們以10分的優(yōu)勢(shì)勝了他們隊(duì)。
比較:win 表示“贏”,與“打敗”同義,但其后所接賓語(yǔ)不同。win 通常接表示比賽或戰(zhàn)斗方面的名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如:
正:He beat [defeated] me at chess. 他下棋贏了我。
正:He won the game (the race). 他贏了比賽。
誤:He won me at chess. / He beat [defeated] the game.
2. 兩者也可用作名詞,但含義不同:
(1) 名詞 beat 通常表示“打擊(聲)”。如:
We heard the beat of a drum. 我們聽(tīng)到了打鼓的聲音。
Can you hear the beat of my heart? 你能聽(tīng)到我心臟跳動(dòng)的聲音嗎?
(2) 名詞 defeat 通常表示“失敗”、“戰(zhàn)勝”等( 視含義的具體與抽象,可用作可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞)。如:
Our basketball team suffered another defeat. 我們的籃球隊(duì)再次敗北。
What he said meant admitting defeat. 他說(shuō)的話就意味著承認(rèn)失敗。
相信大家對(duì)英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的相關(guān)資訊都有一定的了解了,英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法是非常多的,不同動(dòng)詞的搭配也是有很多的不同,需要記得知識(shí)點(diǎn)也是很多的,如果你想了解更多,那就關(guān)注聽(tīng)力課堂吧。