醫(yī)學(xué)組織分享了戴口罩的注意事項

醫(yī)學(xué)組織分享了戴口罩的注意事項

In an attempt to get every American behind the idea of wearing a face mask -- and behind an actual face mask -- to slow the spread of Covid-19, the Association of American Medical Colleges on Wednesday released simple, straight-forward national guidance for the public.

美國醫(yī)學(xué)院協(xié)會(AAMC)周三發(fā)布了一份簡明、直白的全國公眾指南，旨在讓每個美國人都支持戴口罩的理念，以及戴上真正的口罩，以減緩Covid-19的傳播。

"These guidelines are meant to provide everyone around the country with a unified approach to wearing face masks and correct the often-conflicting messaging and misinformation out there," Dr. Atul Grover, executive director of the AAMC Research and Action Institute said in a news release.

AAMC研究與行動研究所的執(zhí)行主任阿圖爾·格羅弗博士在新聞發(fā)布會上說:“這些指導(dǎo)方針旨在為全國所有人提供統(tǒng)一的口罩佩戴方法，并糾正經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的信息沖突和錯誤信息。”

"Until we develop a vaccine and better therapeutics, prevention is the key to reducing the impact of this pandemic," Grover said. "The quicker we make face coverings our 'new normal,' the faster we can gain control over Covid-19."

格羅弗說:“在我們研制出疫苗和更好的治療方法之前，預(yù)防是減少這種流行病影響的關(guān)鍵。”“我們越快把面罩作為‘新常態(tài)’，就能越快控制Covid-19。”

Grover told CNN that face masks protect everyone -- you and the other person. "If you're wearing it and the people around you are wearing it, we've seen that transmission [of the coronavirus] probably drops in the 90% plus range, which is pretty good odds," he said.

格羅弗在接受CNN采訪時表示，口罩能保護(hù)每個人——你和其他人。他說:“如果你和你周圍的人都戴著它，我們已經(jīng)看到[冠狀病毒]傳播率可能下降到90%以上，這是相當(dāng)大的幾率。”

The AAMC -- a nonprofit association representing all accredited US and Canadian medical schools, teaching hospitals, health systems and academic societies -- compiled its new guidelines using the latest scientific information and studies on mask usage from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, state and local governments and public health experts.

AAMC是一個非營利性組織，代表所有經(jīng)認(rèn)證的美國和加拿大醫(yī)學(xué)院、教學(xué)醫(yī)院、衛(wèi)生系統(tǒng)和學(xué)術(shù)團(tuán)體，利用美國疾病控制和預(yù)防中心，州和地方政府以及公共衛(wèi)生專家提供的最新科學(xué)信息和口罩使用研究，編制了新的指南。

What masks to wear
戴什么口罩

The guidelines state that face coverings should cover both your nose and mouth and should be well-fitted to minimize gaps around your nose and chin; cloth face masks should have at least two layers, and three layers when possible; loosely folded face coverings and bandana-style coverings are better than no coverings but still allow for the smallest aerosolized respiratory droplets to get into the air.

指導(dǎo)規(guī)定，口罩應(yīng)同時覆蓋鼻子和嘴部，并應(yīng)適當(dāng)貼合，以減少鼻子和下巴周圍的空隙;布制口罩應(yīng)至少有兩層，可能的話應(yīng)有三層;松散折疊的面部覆蓋物和頭巾式覆蓋物比沒有覆蓋物要好，但仍然會讓最小的霧化呼吸飛沫進(jìn)入空氣。

When to wear masks indoors
在室內(nèi)何時戴口罩

Wearing a face mask "is critically important" when indoors because super-spreader events are much more likely to occur indoors, according to the guidelines. Therefore, the guidelines note that face coverings should be worn by everyone age 2 and older when indoors and around people who do not live in their household. All businesses open to the public should insist that all customers wear masks while indoors, the guidelines say.

根據(jù)指南，在室內(nèi)戴口罩“至關(guān)重要”，因為超級傳播事件更容易發(fā)生在室內(nèi)。因此，指導(dǎo)方針指出，2歲及2歲以上的人在室內(nèi)和不住在家里的人周圍都應(yīng)戴上面罩。指導(dǎo)方針說，所有對公眾開放的企業(yè)都應(yīng)該堅持讓所有顧客在室內(nèi)戴口罩。

When to wear masks outdoors
在戶外何時戴口罩

When outdoors, the safest option for everyone age 2 and older is to wear a mask, even when briefly passing by others, such as running or walking by someone on the sidewalk, according to the guidelines. Avoid nonessential activities and gatherings that bring people within 6 feet of each other or cause a more forceful breathing.

根據(jù)指南，戶外活動時，對于2歲及以上的人來說，最安全的選擇是戴上口罩，即使是短暫路過他人時，如在人行道上跑步或散步的時候。避免不必要的活動和聚會，這些活動和聚會會使人們彼此相距不超過6英尺，或?qū)е潞粑映粤Α?/p>

'There's really no downside to this'
"這真的沒有什么壞處"

To those who say masks are uncomfortable, Grover acknowledged that they're uncomfortable for him too. "I would say, 'You're right.' ... But there are things that we all do to take normal precautions; I don't like wearing a seatbelt most of the time -- I try to keep my clothes unwrinkled; it's uncomfortable -- but it's the law, and we also know it saves lives... It's a pro-and-con risk and there's really no downside to this except that discomfort."

對于那些說戴口罩不舒服的人，格羅弗承認(rèn)戴口罩對他來說也不舒服。“我會說，‘你是對的。’…但有些事情我們都會采取正常的預(yù)防措施;大多數(shù)時候我不喜歡系安全帶——我盡量不讓衣服起皺;這很不舒服，但這是法律，我們也知道這能拯救生命……這是一種有利有弊的風(fēng)險，除了讓人感到不舒服之外，真的沒有什么壞處。”