主謂一致考點(diǎn) 意義一致原則

考點(diǎn)2 意義一致原則

意義一致原則是指謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與主語的意義一致（有時(shí)主語在形式上為單數(shù)，但意義上卻為復(fù)數(shù)；有時(shí)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)）。

1. 時(shí)間、距離、重量、金錢等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式

表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、金錢等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，應(yīng)視為一個(gè)整體概念，謂語動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式。

Seven days is enough for completing this task. 七天時(shí)間完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)已經(jīng)足夠了。

1000 dollars was a lot of money for me at that time.

當(dāng)時(shí)1000美元對(duì)我來說是很大一筆錢。

2. 一些集體名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要取決于集體名詞的含義

class, family, team, group, crew, government, enemy, company, party, public, audience等集體名詞既可以表示整體意義，又可以表示一個(gè)個(gè)成員，它們充當(dāng)句子主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其所指代的含義，即視作整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，若視為具體成員，則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。

My family is a big one. 我家是一個(gè)大家庭。

My family are fond of going out for a walk after supper. 我們一家人喜歡晚飯后出去散步。

3. 學(xué)科或?qū)Ｓ忻~等的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示單數(shù)概念時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式

Physics is one of my favorite subjects. 物理是我最喜愛的學(xué)科之一。

I think Arabian Nights is a fantastic classic that should be read by anyone who has the time and patience. 我認(rèn)為《一千零一夜》是一個(gè)極好的經(jīng)典，任何有時(shí)間和耐心的人都應(yīng)該讀一讀。

4. 有些名詞形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)（如news, means等），作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

The news is spreading quickly. 消息正在迅速傳播。

5. 由對(duì)稱部分構(gòu)成的物品的單詞作主語時(shí)的主謂一致的情況

某些由兩個(gè)對(duì)稱部分構(gòu)成的物品的英文單詞一般以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，比如shoes, trousers, clothes, glasses（眼鏡）, scissors（剪刀）, chopsticks（筷子）, compasses（圓規(guī)）等，它們作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是，如果這些詞被a pair of, a kind of, a series of等短語修飾時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。

The shoes fit me perfectly. 這雙鞋非常適合我。

That pair of glasses was missing last week. 上周那副眼鏡找不到了。

6. “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞形式隨of后的名詞的數(shù)的變化而變化

“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+of+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后面的名詞的含義，如果of后接不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Over 80 percent of the water goes into the air through evaporation.

80%的水分通過蒸發(fā)散失到空氣中了。

One third of the employees in that company are no more than thirty years old.

那家公司三分之一的員工不到30歲。

7. 由“all of, most of, a lot of, some of, none of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of等+名詞”作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)與of后的名詞一致

All of his spare time has been spent in playing football.

他所有的業(yè)余時(shí)間都花在踢足球上了。

Most of the boys in our class have seen Wolf Warriors II.

我們班大部分男生都看過《戰(zhàn)狼2》。

8. a quantity of+不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；quantities of+可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式

A small quantity of vinegar is needed for cooking the dish. 做這道菜需要少量的醋。

Large quantities of milk are in need in that country. 那個(gè)國家需要大量的牛奶。

9. “the+形容詞或分詞”表示一類人或物時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)

The rich are supposed to help the poor. 富人應(yīng)當(dāng)幫助窮人。

10. what引導(dǎo)的主語從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容如果是復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式

What we need is a clean and peaceful world. 我們需要的是一個(gè)干凈和平的世界。

What I have are nothing but two hands and a willing mind. 我所有的只是雙手和決心。