主謂一致考點(diǎn) 語法一致原則

考點(diǎn)1 語法一致原則

所謂“語法一致原則”即謂語動詞和主語在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。也就是說，如果主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞（在一般現(xiàn)在時中）用動詞原形，若謂語中含有be動詞，則用其復(fù)數(shù)are或were，若謂語中含有助動詞have，則不應(yīng)使用其單數(shù)形式has，反之，如果主語為單數(shù)，謂語動詞（在一般現(xiàn)在時中）用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，或根據(jù)時態(tài)選用單數(shù)形式的be動詞am, is或was，助動詞選用has。

1. 動名詞（短語）、不定式（短語）或者主語從句作主語時，謂語一般用單數(shù)

To see is to believe. 百聞不如一見。

Watching basketball games has become my hobby. 觀看籃球比賽成了我的業(yè)余愛好。

Whether she will go abroad or not is not decided. 她是否要出國尚未決定。

2. 由and或both... and...連接的并列主語，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式

Jack and Henry are best friends. 杰克和亨利是最好的朋友。

Both Mary and Linda were satisfied with the new tutor.

瑪麗和琳達(dá)都對這位新家教老師感到滿意。

3. 被as well as, with, along with, like, together with等短語修飾的主語的主謂一致

由as well as, with, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, accompanied by, plus, besides, in addition to, no less than等引起的結(jié)構(gòu)跟在主語后面，不能看作并列主語，該主語不受這些短語引導(dǎo)的插入語的影響，主語如果是單數(shù)，其謂語動詞仍然用單數(shù)形式，主語為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

Mr. White, as well as his wife and children, has gone to London last Friday.

上周五，懷特先生及其夫人和孩子去了倫敦。

The film star, accompanied by his three assistants, was seen to enter the hotel.

有人看見這位電影明星在其三位助理的陪同下進(jìn)入了這家賓館。

The parents, together with their son, are about to leave for Shanghai.

這對父母和他們的兒子要前往上海。

4. 主語含義上雖為復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語仍用單數(shù)形式的情況

有些主語被many a, more than one, each, every或no修飾，雖為復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語仍用單數(shù)；and連接的主語分別被many a, more than one, each, every或no等修飾時，謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式（但復(fù)數(shù)主語與each連用時，應(yīng)不受each的影響，謂語動詞仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式）。

Many a student is going to take part in the English contest.

有許多學(xué)生要參加這項(xiàng)英語競賽。

Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in that country.

在那個國家，每個男孩和女孩都有權(quán)利接受教育。

The old workers and the young ones each have their own tools.

老工人和年輕工人每人都有自己的工具。

5. 某些不定代詞作主語，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式

此類不定代詞有：either, neither, each, one, the other, another, somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。

Everything around us is matter. 我們周圍的所有東西都是物質(zhì)。

Someone has let the news out. 有人把這個消息泄露了出去。