BBC紀(jì)錄片《大麻 罪惡之種》 第16期：使用大麻的小孩令人憂心

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Cathy repeats the memory test with a squad of 12 mice...

凱西在這十二只老鼠身上不斷重復(fù)這個(gè)記憶測(cè)試...

Before moving on to a second group of mice who received THC when they were slightly older, equivalent to teenagers aged 15 and over.

然后再對(duì)另一組老鼠進(jìn)行測(cè)試。它們使用大麻的時(shí)間較晚，相當(dāng)于人類15歲以上。

And straight there.

一下就到了。

That's right. So you see a much straighter, a more directed action to the pool, and he found it much quicker.

是的，這只老鼠找到平臺(tái)，游的路線更短，花的時(shí)間更快。

Once more, twelve mice are tested before Cathy compares the results of the two groups against a control group.

凱西又對(duì)另外十二只老鼠進(jìn)行了同樣的測(cè)試。然后把兩組結(jié)果和控制組比較。

So this is the track data that we have from the computer system that we use, it's able to give us really accurate recording and measures of...

這些是老鼠游過(guò)的軌跡，是我們使用電腦系統(tǒng)記錄下來(lái)的。它幫助我們精確地記錄和測(cè)量...

not just the time it takes for the mice to reach the platform, but also how far they've swam, the distance they've swam.

不僅老鼠到達(dá)平臺(tái)使用的時(shí)間，還有它們游過(guò)的速度和距離。

So the first mice we have here, these are the black mice that received THC when they were very young adolescents,

這是測(cè)試的第一只老鼠，這些黑老鼠都是在年幼時(shí)就使用了大麻。

And if you look at the track, they're really swimming all over the pool really,

如果你看一下軌跡的話，你會(huì)看到它們幾乎遍布了整個(gè)水池，

not in a very straight pattern, and taking a long time to reach the location.

蜿蜒曲折，使用的時(shí)間也很長(zhǎng)。

So if we now compare to the mice who received the THC when they were teenagers or young adults, you can see they really have learnt the location of the platform.

如果我們現(xiàn)在把它們和年長(zhǎng)點(diǎn)才使用大麻的老鼠比較，你能看到后者已經(jīng)記住了平臺(tái)的位置。

So clearly, giving THC when you're an older age doesn't seem to cause an impairment.

所以很明顯，如果年紀(jì)稍長(zhǎng)些再使用大麻，可能不會(huì)造成損害。

And can you quantify the difference between the two?

你能說(shuō)一下兩者有多大的區(qū)別嗎？

We do find a very large significant difference, as much as 25% deficit in the THC-treated young adolescent mice,

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)非常重大的差異，大約有1/4的使用THC的年幼老鼠會(huì)出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，所以我們非常確定給年幼的孩子THC，會(huì)對(duì)他們成年后的記憶產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。

so we really are fairly sure that there's a strong impact in giving THC to young adolescents.

因此我們非常確定，若孩子在年幼時(shí)接觸大麻，會(huì)產(chǎn)生重大的影響。

There's a lasting effect on their memory performance when they're adult.

會(huì)對(duì)他們成年后的記憶力產(chǎn)生持續(xù)的作用。

Could you translate that to human development?

你能不能說(shuō)一下它對(duì)人類成長(zhǎng)的影響？

That's right. We think that would indicate the vulnerable group are children under 15 receiving high doses or concentrations of THC repeatedly.

我們認(rèn)為這些實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象能代表15歲以下的，長(zhǎng)期吸入大劑量、高純度THC的孩子。

It's a worrying trend, because the number of children who are now taking cannabis is really on the rise.

現(xiàn)在，使用大麻的小孩的人數(shù)正在不斷增加，這是一個(gè)讓人十分憂心的趨勢(shì)。

So we know that in the UK at least, 40% of 15-year-olds have tried cannabis already.

據(jù)我們所知，僅在英國(guó)，40%的15歲以下的小孩曾吸過(guò)大麻。

And this is really at the point at which they might be developmentally vulnerable to the effects of THC.

而這時(shí)正是他們會(huì)受到THC影響的成長(zhǎng)期。

Cathy's research implies that just a few years can make a critical difference to how cannabis affects your brain.

凱西的研究表明，僅僅幾年時(shí)間的差異，大麻對(duì)你腦部的影響就大不相同。

But for schizophrenia to develop is rare.

但精神分裂產(chǎn)生是很罕見(jiàn)的。

The likelihood of developing schizophrenia in your lifetime is 1%.

你一生中患上精神分裂的可能性只有1%。

Occasional cannabis use can raise this to 2% while heavy use might raise the lifetime risk to 6%.

偶爾使用大麻會(huì)提高到2%，而大量使用會(huì)提高到6%。