現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),它所修飾的名詞通常就是現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ),并且通??赊D(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句;而動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示的是被修飾名詞的作用、用途等。
比較:
a moving truck 正在移動(dòng)的汽車(moving為現(xiàn)在分詞,與truck有主謂關(guān)系)
a moving truck 搬家汽車(moving為動(dòng)名詞,說(shuō)明truck的用途)
a hunting dog 正在獵物的狗(hunting為現(xiàn)在分詞,與dog有主謂關(guān)系)
a hunting dog 獵狗(hunting為動(dòng)名詞,說(shuō)明dog的用途)
分詞用作狀語(yǔ)
分詞作狀語(yǔ)可以表示多種關(guān)系:
(1) 表時(shí)間:
Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 見(jiàn)到貓,老鼠就跑了。
The work finished, he went home. 工作做完后,他就回家了。
(2) 表原因:
Being very weak, she couldn’t move. 她由于身體虛弱而不能行動(dòng)。
His car broken down, he had to walk. 他的車壞了,所以只好走路。
Much discouraged,she moved on to London. 她很沮喪,搬到了倫敦。
(3) 表?xiàng)l件:
United, we stand; divided, we fall. 團(tuán)結(jié)則存,分裂則亡。
Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多給點(diǎn)時(shí)間,我們可以做得更好。
Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作,你就可以成功。
Adding them all up, we can find the answer. 如果把它們加起來(lái),我們就可以得到答案。
(4) 表讓步:
Although living miles away, he attended the course. 雖然住在幾英里以外,他仍去上課。
Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. 雖然被擊敗了,他仍是一個(gè)受歡迎的拳擊手。
(5) 表方式:
He earns a living driving a truck. 他靠開(kāi)卡車謀生。
I'm returning you letter as requested. 我按要求給你退信。
(6) 表伴隨:
He sat in the chair reading newspapers. 他坐在椅子上看報(bào)。
Don't you sit there doing nothing. 別什么也不干坐在那里。
He came in, followed by his wife. 他走了進(jìn)來(lái),后面跟著他的妻子。
(7) 表結(jié)果:
He fired, killing one of the passers-by. 他開(kāi)槍了,打死了一個(gè)過(guò)路人。
He died, leaving his wife with five children. 他死了,留下他妻子和五個(gè)孩子。
It rained and rained, vehicles bogged and bridges washed out. 雨不停地下,車輛陷入泥沼,橋梁被水沖去。