世界下一個偉大望遠鏡背后的爭議

世界下一個偉大望遠鏡背后的爭議

Mauna Kea is a sacred summit, a home of deities. It's also an astronomical Eden where 13 telescopes peer into the heavens with little light or air pollution to obscure the view.

莫納克亞山是一座神圣的山峰，是眾神的家園。它也是一個天文伊甸園，在這里，13架望遠鏡可以在光線較暗或空氣污染沒有模糊視野時看到天空。

An artist's rendering shows what the completed Thirty Meter Telescope will look like. (Photo: TMT.org)

Blocking construction

阻止建設

Hawaii Gov. David Ige signed an emergency proclamation to give law enforcement increased authority to manage the situation. He told reports he wouldn't call in National Guard troops and had never considered using tear gas to break up the crowds. CNN reports that 33 people have been arrested for forming a line to block the road. They were given the choice of a citation, but chose to be arrested. They were immediately released.

夏威夷州州長戴維·伊格(David Ige)簽署了一項緊急公告，賦予執(zhí)法部門更大的權力來控制局勢。他告訴記者，他不會召集國民警衛(wèi)隊，也從未考慮過使用催淚瓦斯驅散人群。據CNN報道，33人因排隊攔路而被捕。他們可以選擇引證，但選擇被捕。他們立即被釋放。

Astrophysicist Avi Loeb, who chairs Harvard University's astronomy department, thinks it's a good compromise. "One thing that you need to keep in mind is that humans can change the system as to compensate for the slightly worse conditions" in Spain, he said. "In the end, it might perform as well or maybe even better."

哈佛大學天文系主任、天體物理學家阿維·勒布認為這是一個很好的妥協(xié)。他說:“你需要記住的一件事是，人類可以改變這個系統(tǒng)，以補償西班牙略差的環(huán)境。”“最終，它可能會表現(xiàn)得一樣好，甚至更好。”

The long battle for approval

爭取批準的長期斗爭

Last September, the Board of Land and Natural Resources approved the permit with certain conditions including the dismantling of three current telescopes and no additional telescopes to be built in the future. The board made this ruling after a state judge in July 2017 recommended the state approve the permit. Several Native Hawaiian groups vehemently disapproved of the board's decision, which is why the state's supreme court was asked to weigh in.

去年9月，土地和自然資源委員會批準了該許可，但有一些條件，包括拆除現(xiàn)有的三架望遠鏡，以及今后不再建造其他望遠鏡。2017年7月，一名州法官建議該州批準該許可證，隨后，該委員會做出了這一裁決。幾個夏威夷土著團體強烈反對委員會的決定，這就是為什么州最高法院被要求介入。

Complaints about the university’s stewardship of Mauna Kea are not new. A state audit in 1998 found that little had been done to protect the mountain’s delicate ecosystem or to preserve its historical significance.

對該大學管理莫納克亞山的抱怨并不新鮮。1998年的一次國家審計發(fā)現(xiàn)，在保護這座山脆弱的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)或保護其歷史意義方面，政府幾乎沒有采取任何行動。

The stakeholders and their viewpoints

利益相關者及其觀點

In hopes of forging a path through the conflict, Ige, who had been silent on the issue, rounded up the divergent viewpoints in May 2015. That included input from the DLNR, the University of Hawaii, TMT officials and the Office of Hawaiian Affairs.

一直對該問題保持沉默的Ige在2015年5月收集了不同的觀點，希望能找到一條解決沖突的道路。這包括來自DLNR、夏威夷大學、TMT官員和夏威夷事務辦公室的投入。

He also acknowledged that, "In many ways we failed the mountain. Whether you see it from a cultural perspective or from a natural resource perspective, we have not done right by a very special place and we must act immediately to change that."

他也承認，“我們在很多方面辜負了這座山。無論是從文化角度還是從自然資源角度來看，我們都沒有在一個非常特殊的地方做出正確的選擇，我們必須立即采取行動改變這種狀況。”

"Modern astronomy paints much the same picture and has provided an abundance of evidence that we humans are literally cast from the remnants of an ancient supernova (exploring star), creating the atoms that over time coalesced into our planet and bodies.

現(xiàn)代天文學描繪了大致相同的圖景，并提供了大量的證據，證明我們人類實際上是由一顆古老超新星(探索恒星)的殘骸鑄造而成的，這些殘骸創(chuàng)造了原子，隨著時間的推移，這些原子合并成了我們的星球和身體。

An opportunity also exists for opposing viewpoints to appreciate some common ground — a love of the stars.

相反的觀點也有機會欣賞一些共同點——對星星的愛。