2007年11月翻譯資格考試二級筆譯真題

第一部分 英譯漢必譯題

Milton Friedman, Free Markets Theorist, Dies at 94.

Milton Friedman, the grandmaster of free-market economic theory in the postwar era and a prime force in the movement of nations toward less government and greater reliance on individual responsibility, died today in San Francisco, where he lived. He was 94.

Conservative and liberal colleagues alike viewed Mr. Friedman, a Nobel prize laureate,as one of the 20th century?s leading economic scholars, on a par with giants like John Maynard Keynes and Paul Samuelson.

Flying the flag of economic conservatism, Mr. Friedman led the postwar challenge to the hallowed theories of Lord Keynes, the British economist who maintained that governments had a duty to help capitalistic economies through periods of recession and to prevent boom times from exploding into high inflation.

In Professor Friedman?s view, government had the opposite obligation: to keep its hands off the economy, to let the free market do its work.

The only economic lever that Mr. Friedman would allow government to use was the one that controlled the supply of money — a monetarist view that had gone out of favor when

he embraced it in the 1950s. He went on to record a signal achievement, predicting the unprecedented combination of rising unemployment and rising inflation that came to be called stagflation. His work earned him the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Science in 1976.

Rarely, his colleagues said, did anyone have such impact on both his own profession and on government. Though he never served officially in the halls of power, he was always around them, as an adviser and theorist.

“Among economic scholars, Milton Friedman had no peer,” Ben S. Bernanke, the Federal Reserve chairman, said today. “The direct and indirect influences of his thinking on contemporary monetary economics would be difficult to overstate.”

Alan Greenspan, the former Federal Reserve chairman, said of Mr. Friedman in an interview on Tuesday. “From a longer-term point of view, it?s his academic achievements which will have lasting import. But I would not dismiss the profound impact he has already had on the American public?s view.”

Mr. Friedman had a gift for communicating complicated ideas in simple and lucid ways, and it served him well as the author or co-author of more than a dozen books, as a columnist for Newsweek from 1966 to 1983 and even as the star of a public television series.

參考譯文：

著名經(jīng)濟學家米爾頓·弗里德曼今天在舊金山去世，享年 94 歲。米爾頓·弗里德曼生 前住在舊金山，是二戰(zhàn)后“自由市場經(jīng)濟”教父，曾大力倡導各國減少政府干預，強調市場 個體責任。

保守派和自由派經(jīng)濟學家都一致認為曾獲諾貝爾獎的弗里德曼是二十世紀最具影響 力的經(jīng)濟學家之一，與約翰·梅納德·凱恩斯和保羅·薩繆爾森比肩齊名。

二戰(zhàn)后，弗里德曼高舉經(jīng)濟保守主義的大旗，向凱恩斯理論發(fā)起挑戰(zhàn)。凱恩斯勛爵 是英國經(jīng)濟學家，主張在資本主義國家中政府有責任幫助擺脫經(jīng)濟衰退，防止經(jīng)濟過熱 引發(fā)高通脹。當時，凱恩斯的理論被奉若神明。

弗里德曼教授認為，政府的職責與凱恩斯理論恰恰相反，即，政府不應干預經(jīng)濟，而應讓自由市場自行運轉，無為而治。 在弗里德曼看來，政府唯一可用的干預杠桿就是控制貨幣供應。在二十世紀五十年代他認同這一貨幣學派觀點時，這一觀點早已不受推崇。之后，弗里德曼取得了一項重 大成就，準確預測出了所謂滯漲的出現(xiàn)，即，失業(yè)率不斷攀升與通貨膨脹不斷加劇兩種 現(xiàn)象同時發(fā)生，這在當時是一種前所未有的現(xiàn)象。他因此獲得了 1976 年的諾貝爾經(jīng)濟學 獎。

弗里德曼的同事們稱，像弗里德曼這樣對經(jīng)濟學界和政府都能產(chǎn)生重大影響的人可 謂鳳毛麟角。弗里德曼從未在政府部門任職，但是他卻常常作為顧問和專家成為政府的 座上賓。

美聯(lián)儲主席本·伯南克今天在悼詞中稱，“米爾頓 ·弗里德曼在經(jīng)濟學界無出其右，堪稱 翹楚，他對當代貨幣經(jīng)濟學的直接和間接影響之大，難以言表。”

前美聯(lián)儲主席艾倫·格林斯潘周二接受采訪時談到了弗里德曼，他說，“從更長遠的角 度來看，能夠真正產(chǎn)生深遠影響的是他的學術成就，不過必須指出，他對美國大眾輿論 已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了深刻影響。”

弗里德曼闡釋觀點時能做到深入淺出、淺顯易懂，也正因如此，他編著或合著了十幾本書，在 1966 年至 1983 年期間擔任《新聞周刊》的專欄作家，甚至成為公共電視系列節(jié)目的明星嘉賓。

英譯漢選譯題 選譯題一

PANAMA CITY: Voters were expected Sunday to approve the largest modernization project in the 92-year history of the Panama Canal, a $5.25 billion plan to expand the waterway to allow for larger ships while alleviating traffic problems.

The government of President Martín Torrijos has billed the referendum as historic, saying the work would double the capacity of a canal already on pace to generate about $1.4 billion in revenue this year. Critics claim the expansion would benefit the canal's customers more than Panamanians, and worry that costs could balloon, forcing this debt- ridden country to borrow even more.

The project would build a third set of locks on the Pacific and Atlantic ends of the canal by 2015, allowing it to handle modern container ships, cruise liners and tankers too large for its locks, which are 33 meters, or 108 feet, wide.

The Panama Canal Authority, the autonomous government agency that runs the canal, says the project would be paid for by increasing tolls and would generate $6 billion in revenue by 2025.

There is nothing Panamanians are more passionate about than the canal.

"It's incomparable in the hemisphere," said Samuel Lewis Navarro, the country's vice president and foreign secretary. "It's in our heart, part of our soul."

Public opinion polls indicate that the plan would be approved overwhelmingly. Green and white signs throughout the country read "Yes for our children," while tens of thousands of billboards and bumper stickers trumpet new jobs.

"The canal needs you," television and radio ads implore.

"It will mean more boats, and that means more jobs," said Damasco Polanco, who was herding cows on horseback in Nuevo Provedencia, on the banks of Lake Gatún, an artificial reservoir that supplies water to the canal.

The canal employs 8,000 workers and the expansion is expected to generate as many as 40,000 new jobs. Unemployment in Panama is 9.5 percent, and 40 percent of the country lives in poverty.

But critics fear that the expansion could cost nearly double the government's estimate, as well as stoke corruption and uncontrolled debt.

"The poor continue to suffer while the rich get richer," said JoséFelix Castillo, 62,a high school teacher who was one of about 3,000 supporters who took to Panama City's streets to protest the measure on Friday.

Lewis Navarro noted that a portion of the revenue generated by each ton of cargo that passes through the waterway goes to education and social programs.

"We aren't talking about 40 percent poverty as a consequence of the canal," he said. "It's exactly the opposite."

參考譯文：

巴拿馬市：巴拿馬周日將就巴拿馬運河改造計劃舉行全民公投，這將是巴拿馬運河開通 92 年以來最大規(guī)模的一次改造，項目預計斥資 52.5 億美元，旨在緩解交通壓力的同 時，擴寬航道，提高可通行船舶噸位。

巴拿馬總統(tǒng)馬丁·托里霍斯(Martin Torrijos)稱此次公投具有重要歷史意義。今年巴拿馬運河將創(chuàng)收約 14 億美元，托里霍斯政府稱改造后運河的通行能力有望翻番。而批評 人士則稱，運河擴建的主要受益者將是運河使用者而非巴拿馬人民，同時，運河擴建成 本將會激增，迫使早已債臺高筑的巴拿馬進一步舉債。

按照項目設計，到 2015 年前，將分別在運河的太平洋和大西洋兩端建造第三組水閘。 運河現(xiàn)在的水閘僅為 33 米寬，很多大型船只無法通行，改造項目竣工后，可通行現(xiàn)代大 型集裝箱船、郵輪和油輪。

負責巴拿馬運河運營的自治機構巴拿馬運河管理局稱，將通過提高通行費來收回項 目成本，運河改造后的年創(chuàng)收能力到 2025 年將達 60 億美元。

巴拿馬人對運河可謂情有獨鐘/有強烈的運河情結。

巴拿馬副總統(tǒng)兼外長薩穆埃爾·萊維斯·納瓦羅說，“在這個半球，巴拿馬運河是無與倫 比的，它已扎根人民心中、融入巴拿馬民族之魂。”

輿論調查顯示，運河擴建計劃將以壓倒性優(yōu)勢獲得通過。在巴拿馬到處都張貼有寫 著“為子孫后代投下贊成票(運河擴建，利在千秋)”的綠色和白色的標語，數(shù)以萬計的廣 告牌和車尾貼上也都大肆宣揚運河擴建對增加就業(yè)的影響。

廣播電視廣告詞也采取溫情攻勢，“運河需要你”。

在運河補給水庫加通湖兩岸的努埃沃·普羅維登斯(Nuevo Provedencia)騎馬放牛的達瑪斯克·波蘭科(Damasco Polanco)說，“運河擴建后會有更多的船只通行，會帶來更多 的就業(yè)機會。”

運河現(xiàn)有工作人員 8,000 人，擴建后將會新增 4 萬個就業(yè)崗位。巴拿馬失業(yè)率為 9.5%， 貧困率為 40%。

但是，批評人士擔心運河擴建最終成本可能超出政府預估成本一倍，致使腐敗滋生， 債務失控。

周五約 3,000 人走上巴拿馬市街頭抗議運河擴建，何塞·費利克斯·卡斯蒂略(JoséFelix Castillo)也參加了抗議游行?，F(xiàn)年 62 歲的卡斯蒂略是一名高中教師，他說，“運河擴建 后富人將變得更加富有，而窮人將繼續(xù)生活在水深火熱之中。”

副總統(tǒng)兼外長萊維斯·納瓦羅稱，運河通行費收入中有一部分用于教育和社會各項事 業(yè)。

“40%的高貧困率不能歸咎于運河，”他說道，“恰恰相反(，正因為貧困率如此之高， 所以才要擴建運河)。”

選譯題二(缺)

第二部分 漢譯英 試題一

旅游是一項集觀光、娛樂、健身為一體的愉快而美好的活動。旅游業(yè)隨著時代進步 而不斷發(fā)展。

20 世紀中葉以來，現(xiàn)代旅游在世界范圍內(nèi)迅速興起，旅游人數(shù)不斷增加，旅游產(chǎn)業(yè) 規(guī)模持續(xù)擴大，旅游經(jīng)濟地位提升，旅游活動愈益成為各國人民交流文化、增進友誼、 擴大交往的重要渠道，對人類活動和社會進步發(fā)生越來越廣泛的影響。

古往今來，旅游一直是人們增長知識、豐富閱歷、強健體魄的美好追求。

在古代，中國先哲們就提出了“觀國之光”的思想，倡導“讀萬卷書，行萬里路”，游歷 名山大川，承天地之靈氣，接山水之精華。

官方參考譯文：

Tourism represents a kind of popular and pleasant activity that combines sightseeing, recreation and outdoor exercise, and it has been developing all along with the progress of the times. Since the middle of the 20th century, modern tourism has been growing at a fast

pace around the world. The number of tourists has ever been on the rise, the scale of the tourism industry has been on constant expansion, and the position of tourism in the economy has been obviously raised. Tourism serves gradually as an important bridge of cultural exchange, friendship and further exchanges and exerts more and more extensive influence on the human life and social progress among various countries.

From ancient times till now, tourism has demonstrated the happy wish of the people for more knowledge, varied experience and good health.

In ancient times, ancient Chinese thinkers raised the idea of "appreciating the landscape through sightseeing". Ancient People also proposed to "travel ten thousand li and read ten thousand books'', which shows they found pleasure in enriching themselves mentally and physically through traveling over famous mountains and rivers.

其他參考譯文：

Tourism is an enjoyable mix of sightseeing, recreation and bodybuilding. Tourism industry has never ceased to evolve as humankind progresses over time.

Modern tourism has started to boom worldwide since the mid-20th century. Tourist numbers keep surging, the tourism sector expanding, and tourism?s GDP contribution growing.

Over time, tourism has emerged as an enabling bridge for cultural exchange, stronger friendship and closer communication across borders. Tourism is having an increasingly extensive influence on human activities and social progress.

Tourism has turned out, since ancient times, to be an inspiring way as people seek to gain knowledge, broaden their horizon and improve health.

Sages in ancient China already put forward the vision of “sightseeing the country”. They championed the idea of “reading 10,000 volumes of books and traveling 10,000 li” in one?s lifetime, encouraging people to enjoy famous, fascinating mountains and rivers the country has to offer.

試題二

從 1979 到 2004 年實行改革開放這 27 年里，中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化。經(jīng)濟每年增長9.4%，居民消費每年增長 7%，進出口每年增長 16.7%。2004 年國民經(jīng)濟總產(chǎn)值達 1.6494 萬億美元，進出口總額達 1.1548 萬億美元。我們已經(jīng)基本上建立了社會主義市場經(jīng)濟。 我們的生產(chǎn)力和綜合國力在不斷提高。社會各項事業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展，人民生活實現(xiàn)了從溫飽 到小康這一歷史性的飛躍。

如何在全球化加快的新形勢下，從中國的實際出發(fā)，抓住機遇，迎接挑戰(zhàn)，保持持 續(xù)、快速、和諧和全面社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，是值得我們密切關注的重大戰(zhàn)略略問題。經(jīng)過多年的實踐和探索，我們找到了一條既符合中國實際和時代發(fā)展趨勢又反映人民愿望的發(fā)展道路。這就是具有中國特色的社會主義道路。我們將沿著這條道路堅定不移地奮勇前 進。

官方參考譯文：

The past 27 years of reform and opening up have brought about tremendous changes from 1979 to 2004, on annual average, the Chinese economy grew by 9.4%, consumption by 7%, and import and export by 16.7%. In 2004, the country?s GDP topped US $ 1.6494 trillion. Total import and export volume reached US$ 1.1548 trillion. We have basically established a socialist market economy. Our productivity and overall national strength are constantly growing. Various social undertakings are flourishing and the historic leap in the people ?s livelihood from a subsistence level to moderate prosperity is realized on the whole.

Under the new circumstances of accelerated economic globalization, a major strategic issue deserving our close attention is how to maintain sustained, rapid, coordinated and sound economic and social development by adapting to China?s reality, seizing opportunities and coping with challenges. After years exploration and practice, we have found a path to development that comforts to China?s reality and the trend of times and reflects the wishes of the people. This is the road of Chinese socialism with Chinese characteristics. We will stride forward unswervingly along this road.

其他參考譯文一：

China?s landscape has been basically transformed thanks to reform and opening up over the period of 27 years between 1979 and 2004. During this timeframe, China has recorded/registered/posted an average annual growth rate of 9.4% in economic output, 7% in consumer spending and 16.7% in foreign trade respectively. The year 2004 saw China?s GDP amount to US$1.6494trillion and foreign trade volume rise to US$1.1548trillion. By and large, socialist market economy has taken hold in China, productivity and comprehensive national strength have been rising, and social programs have been flourishing across the board. The Chinese people have also seen a historic leapfrog from a decent life to a well-off one.

China must act in line with its national realities to seize upon opportunities and rise up to challenges amid accelerating globalization if it is to maintain sustainable, rapid, harmonious and holistic socio-economic development going forward. This is a major issue of strategic importance that merits close attention. Years of trials and errors have culminated

in a path of development that not only reflects what is going on in China and beyond but also meets people?s aspirations. This is a path to socialism with distinctive Chinese features and a path that China will march along down the line.

其他參考譯文二：

The 27 years between 1979 and 2004 have seen tremendous changes on the landscape of China amid ongoing reform and opening up. During this timeframe, China?s economy recorded an average annual growth rate of 9.4%, consumer spending went up 7% annually on average, and foreign trade expanded by an annual rate of 16.7% year on year. In 2004, China?s GDP increased to the tune of US$1.6494trillion and foreign trade totaled US$1.1548trillion. By and large, a social market economy has taken shape in China. China?s productivity and overall national strength are on the rise, social programs are flourishing/progressing across the board/on all fronts, and people?s livelihood has also leapfrogged from a decent life to a life of moderate prosperity.

China must act in line with its national reality to seize upon opportunities and rise up to challenges that come along amid accelerating globalization as we seek to keep socio-economic development sustainable, strong and balanced across the board/as we seek a holistic socio-economic development pattern that is strong, sustainable and balanced. This is a major strategic choice for us to make within the new context. Years of practical explorations have resulted on/culminated in a road to development that not only conforms with/reflects China?s actualities and the trend of the times but also follows/mirrors/signifies/meets people?s aspirations. That is what we call socialism with Chinese characteristics, a vision that we will remain committed to as we forge ahead down the line.