走進(jìn)劍橋大學(xué) 第1期:追溯劍橋

Established in 1209 the University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University, or simply Cambridge) is the second oldest university in England. The university was formed, early records suggest, in 1209 by scholars leaving Oxford after a dispute with the townsfolks there. The two "ancient universities" have many common features and are often jointly referred to as Oxbridge. In addition to cultural and practical associations as a htstoric part of British society, the two universities also have a long history of rivalry with each other.

建立于1209年,劍橋大學(xué)(有時(shí)被簡(jiǎn)稱為劍橋)是除了牛津大學(xué)以外，英國(guó)歷史最悠久的大學(xué)。 根據(jù)記載，劍橋大學(xué)成立于1209年，最早是由一批為躲避毆斗而從牛津大學(xué)逃離來(lái)的學(xué)者們建立的。劍橋大學(xué)和牛津大學(xué)這兩所歷史悠久的大學(xué)因?yàn)榫哂性S多共同特點(diǎn)，常常被合稱為“牛橋”。作為英國(guó)社會(huì)歷史的一部分，劍橋大學(xué)和牛津大學(xué)在文化以及實(shí)踐方面有著許多合作，但除此之外，這兩所學(xué)校之間同樣存在著曠日持久的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

Academically，Cambridge is consistently ranked in the world's top five universities and the leading university in Europe by numerous media and academic rankings. The University's alumni include 85 Nobel Laureates as of 2009.The University is a member of the Russell Group of research-led British universities. The history of the University of Cambridge could trace its origin to a crime committed in 1209. Although not always a reliable source, the detail given in contemporaneous writings lends them credence.

從學(xué)術(shù)成就上來(lái)說(shuō)，在眾多媒體和學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)的排名中，劍橋大學(xué)穩(wěn)居全球排名前五位，同時(shí)它也是歐洲各所大學(xué)的領(lǐng)頭羊。截止至2009年，劍橋大學(xué)一共培養(yǎng)了85位諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主。劍橋大學(xué)還是英國(guó)名 校聯(lián)盟“羅素大學(xué)集團(tuán)”的成員。劍橋大學(xué)的歷史可追溯到1209年的一起刑事案件上。盡管信息來(lái)源并不十分可靠，但從相關(guān)資料來(lái)看，這一說(shuō)法還是有一定可信度的。

Two Oxford scholars were convicted of the murder or manslaughter of a woman and were hanged by the town authorities with the assent of King John. In protest at the hanging, the University of Oxford went into voluntary suspension，and scholars migrated to a number of other locations, including the pre-existing school at Cambridge (Cambridge had been recorded as a "school" rather than as a university when John Grim held the office of Master there in 1201). These exiled Oxford scholars (post-graduate researchers by present day terminology) started Cambridge’s life as a university in 1209.

牛津大學(xué)的兩名學(xué)者因被控蓄意謀殺一名婦女，在獲得當(dāng)時(shí)的國(guó)王約翰的許可后，被牛津當(dāng)局處以絞刑。為了抗議這一行為，牛津大學(xué)開始了罷課，許多學(xué)者開始移居其他地方，其中就包括了劍橋?qū)W校即劍橋大學(xué)的前身。(1201年約翰格林擔(dān)任校長(zhǎng)時(shí)，劍橋僅僅被稱為一所“學(xué)校”，而非“大學(xué)”)。這些流亡的牛津?qū)W者，在1209年將劍橋?qū)W校變成了劍橋大學(xué)，賦予了其新的生命力。用今天的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)看，他們就是一批碩士研究生。

Cambridge is a collegiat university, meaning that it is made up of self-governing and independent colleges, each with its own property and income. Most colleges bring together academics and students from a broad range of disciplines.

這所學(xué)校是一所學(xué)院式大學(xué)，由獨(dú)立管理和獨(dú)立發(fā)展的學(xué)院構(gòu)成，每所學(xué)院都擁有自己獨(dú)立的財(cái)產(chǎn)和收入，招收來(lái)自各專業(yè)的學(xué)生。

Sustaining a world-class university demands investment in new facilities, new areas of study, and most importantly, in people; continued fundraising efforts and innovative partnershipswill be vital. The University celebrated its 800th anniversary in 2009, marking thelegacy of eight centuries and determined to remain among the world's greatest universities.

要想維持世界一流大學(xué)的水準(zhǔn)，需要不斷地對(duì)設(shè)備、研究領(lǐng)域，特別是人力資源方面進(jìn)行投資。因此，持續(xù)為劍橋大學(xué)募集資金，開拓新的合作關(guān)系就變得尤為重要了。2009年是劍橋大學(xué)建校800周年，在向世界展示了它在8個(gè)世紀(jì)里所取得的成就之后，劍橋大學(xué)決心繼續(xù)為保持世界一流大學(xué)水平而不斷努力。