時(shí)差N小時(shí):沙拉,漢堡還是薯?xiàng)l？
雅艾爾：那么，唐，你什么時(shí)候去麥當(dāng)勞...
Dan: I don't go to Mcdonald's.
唐：我不去麥當(dāng)勞。
Yeal: OK, but if you did. And saw that they havesalad on the menu, would you get the salad orsomething less healthful like a cheeseburg in frenchfries?
雅艾爾：好吧，但你曾經(jīng)去過。如果看見菜單上有沙拉，你會(huì)點(diǎn)沙拉還是其它不那么健康的食物，比如雙層吉士漢堡和法式薯?xiàng)l?
Dan: Well, if I saw, if they had a salad, I guess that's what I'll get.
唐：嗯，如果我看見他們的菜單上有沙拉，我想我會(huì)點(diǎn)沙拉。
Yeal: Maybe. But researchers've actually studied this. They showed people two fast food-typemenus: one with three typically unhealthful items, like a hamburger, a chicken sandwich andFrench fries; and the other menu had the same items but also included a salad.
雅艾爾：也許吧。其實(shí)研究人員們對(duì)此進(jìn)行過研究。他們提供給人們兩個(gè)快餐菜單：其中一個(gè)菜單有三項(xiàng)典型的不健康食物，比如漢堡，雞肉三明治和法式薯?xiàng)l;另一個(gè)菜單上也有這三種食物，另外添加了沙拉。
Dan: And?
唐：然后呢?
Yeal: And the people who saw the menu with the salad were nearly three times more likely tochoose the least healthful item, the French fries. Almost nobody actually chose the salad.
雅艾爾：看見菜單上有沙拉的人選擇最不健康的食物法式薯?xiàng)l的可能性是其它食物的三倍之多。幾乎沒人選擇沙拉。
Dan:So you say that the presence of the salad as a healthy choice somehow spurred people tomake the most unhealthy choice, why?
唐：所以你認(rèn)為菜單上出現(xiàn)像沙拉這樣的健康食物，會(huì)從某種程度上刺激人們選擇最不健康的食物，為什么呢?
Yeal: It's called vicarious goal fulfillment.The idea is that merely seeing and considering thesalad fulfills your goal of eating healthfully. Then you feel like you've done your duty, and go onto order what amounts to an unhealthful treat, like extra large fry or a huge hamburger.
雅艾爾：這就叫替代目標(biāo)實(shí)現(xiàn)。僅僅是看見或者考慮沙拉就會(huì)滿足你健康飲食的目標(biāo)。這種觀點(diǎn)會(huì)讓你覺得自己盡到了責(zé)任，之后繼續(xù)去點(diǎn)不健康的食物，比如超大薯?xiàng)l或者巨型漢堡。
Dan: But maybe just knowing this phenomenon can help. If you know the salad couldencourage you to get a cheeseburger, perhaps it's possible to realize what's happening andresist the urge.
唐：但也許知道這種現(xiàn)象會(huì)有所幫助。如果你知道沙拉會(huì)誘導(dǎo)你點(diǎn)漢堡，也許你就會(huì)意識(shí)到錯(cuò)誤，然后抵住沖動(dòng)。
Yeal: Maybe,or you could just not eat fastfood in the first place.
雅艾爾：也許吧。不過你可以選擇不吃快餐。
