異類之不一樣的成功啟示錄 第137期:不確定性規(guī)避

Another of Hofstede's dimensions is "uncertainty avoidance.” How well does a culture tolerate ambiguity?

霍夫斯泰德的另一個(gè)維度是他的“不確定性規(guī)避”。一種文化可以忍受多大程度上的不確定性？

Here are the top five "uncertainty avoidance" countries, according to Hofstede's database-

據(jù)霍夫斯泰德統(tǒng)計(jì)，在國(guó)家范疇內(nèi)，下面五個(gè)國(guó)家排在前五名——

that is, the countries most reliant on rules and plans, and most likely to stick to procedure regardless of circumstances.

這意味著，這些國(guó)家無(wú)論在什么情況下，都堅(jiān)持法規(guī)、堅(jiān)守計(jì)劃并且?guī)缀跬耆凑照鲁剔k事。

No. 1 Greece

1. 希臘

No.2 Portugal

2. 葡萄牙

No.3 Guatemala

3. 危地馬拉

No.4 Uruguay

4. 烏拉圭

No.5 Belgium

5. 比利時(shí)

The bottom five- that is, the cultures best able to tolerate ambiguity are:

最后面的五個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)——這意味著這些國(guó)家或地區(qū)最能夠忍受不確定性。

No.49 Hong Kong

49. 中國(guó)香港

No.50 Swiden

50. 瑞典

No.51 Denmark

51. 丹麥

No.52 Jamaica

52. 牙買加

No.53 Singapore

53. 新加坡

It is important to note that Hofstede wasn't suggesting there was a right place or a wrong place to be on anyone of those scales.

在霍夫斯泰德的理論中，有一點(diǎn)非常重要：那就是無(wú)論怎樣，沒(méi)有一種文化絕對(duì)好或不好；

Nor was he saying that a culture's position on one of his dimensions was an ironclad predictor of how someone from that country behaves:

同時(shí)，在其量表上提及的文化所體現(xiàn)的特征，并不能一成不變地代表任何來(lái)自該文化的人。

it's not impossible, for example, for someone from Guatemala to be highly inpidualistic.

這是有可能的。例如，一個(gè)來(lái)自危地馬拉的人也有可能極度的自我。

What he was saying, instead, was something very similar to what Nisbett Cohen argued after their hallway studies at the University of Michigan.

相反的，他所談?wù)摰?，或許和密歇根大學(xué)的學(xué)生尼斯伯特和科恩課下所討論的話題相似。

Each of us has his or her own distinctive personality.

我們每個(gè)人都有自己獨(dú)特的性格，

But overlaid on top of that are tendencies and assumptions and reflexes handed down to us by the history of the community we grow up in,

但在此基礎(chǔ)之上，我們成長(zhǎng)的社會(huì)環(huán)境會(huì)賦予我們更多的歷史傳統(tǒng)，使得每個(gè)人的言談舉止都會(huì)留下文化的烙印。

and these differences are extraordinarily specific.

如一些行動(dòng)模式會(huì)投射出我們的心理思維定勢(shì)，并且每一種分別都是非常具體的。

Belgium and Denmark are only an hour or so apart by airplane, for example.

比如比利時(shí)和丹麥的飛行距離只有一個(gè)小時(shí)，

Dane look a lot like Belgians,and if I drop you on a street corner on Copenhagen, it wouldn't look all that different from a street corner in Brussels.

從外表上看，丹麥人和比利時(shí)人也沒(méi)有什么不同，并且如果你來(lái)到哥本哈根的街角，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這里和布魯塞爾沒(méi)有任何區(qū)別。

But when it comes to uncertainty avoidance, they could not be further apart.

但是如果提及“不確定性規(guī)避”，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個(gè)國(guó)家簡(jiǎn)直有天壤之別。

In fact, Danes have more in common with Jamaicans when it comes to tolerating ambiguity than they do with some of their European peers.

實(shí)際上，在“不確定性規(guī)避”這一點(diǎn)，丹麥人比任何一個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家的同僚都更像牙買加人。