英語視頻暢談歐美人文風(fēng)情86：社會(huì)企業(yè)家 - 改善社會(huì)的人
我想要找出問題的解答，我想要不計(jì)一切代價(jià)終結(jié)那個(gè)問題。
In the mid-1970s, Bangladesh was wracked with poverty and famine. Greedy money lenders victimized local villagers who wanted to start small businesses. In one village, Muhammad Yunus counted forty-two people who needed just twenty-seven dollars to break out of poverty.
在1970年代中期，孟加拉因貧困及饑荒受到重創(chuàng)。貪婪的放款人欺騙了想要開始做小生意的當(dāng)?shù)卮迕駛?。在一個(gè)村莊中，Muhammad Yunus計(jì)算出四十二個(gè)人需要僅僅二十七元就能脫離貧困。
So then an idea came to my mind: if I give these twenty-seven dollars to all these forty-two people, they can return the money to the money lender, so they'll be free. And that's what exactly ended. And the happiness that they brought to them caught me in. And I ask myself the question: if you can make so many people so happy with such a small amount of money, why shouldn't you do it more?
接著有個(gè)想法從我腦中冒出：如果我拿這些二十七元給這些四十二個(gè)人，他們就可以把錢還給放款人，這樣他們就能自由。而那正是這樣結(jié)束的。它們帶給他們的幸福吸引了我。我問自己這問題：如果你可以用這么一小筆的錢讓這么多人如此快樂，為什么你不該多多益善?
Since that first bet, the bank Muhammad Yunus started has made nearly five billion dollars in loans. It's a model that has been copied all over the world, spawning a movement known as "microfinance."
自從第一次的下注后，Muhammad Yunus所開辦的銀行已經(jīng)借出將近五十億元的貸款。這是個(gè)在世界各地都被復(fù)制的模式，孕育出一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)，就是所知的“微型金融”。
People are demonstrably better off in the world today by virtue of that simple insight. The small, unsecured loans can really make a difference.
借由這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的見解，今日世人確實(shí)過得更好。這個(gè)小型、無擔(dān)保的貸款真的可以有所影響。
Microfinance during the past twenty-five years has demonstrated that millions and millions of people can participate in society in a normal way.
在過去二十五年期間，微型金融證明了數(shù)百萬計(jì)的人們可以以正常方式參與社會(huì)。
In 2006, Muhammad Yunus won the Nobel Peace Prize: testimony to the role of a new kind of change agent, the social entrepreneur.
在2006年，Muhammad Yunus獲得了諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)：是對(duì)一種新型態(tài)的改革推手--社會(huì)企業(yè)家這角色的證明。
Social entrepreneurs like Muhammad Yunus see opportunities where other people see hopeless failures. They see potential where other people see tragic consequences. They see a future that others can't even begin to imagine.
像是Muhammad Yunus的社會(huì)企業(yè)家在其他人看到絕望失敗之處看到機(jī)會(huì)。他們?cè)趧e人看到的悲慘結(jié)果中看到潛力。他們看到其他人甚至無法開始想像的未來。
In this moment in history, where government has, at least in some places, has failed to provide basic goods and services, the things that societies need to really allow individuals to thrive. Social entrepreneurs are tackling those really big problems: Problems that reach beyond microfinance, such as educational opportunity, children's health, housing, clean water, climate change.
在歷史中的此刻，政府已經(jīng)，至少在一些地方，政府已無法提供基本的商品及服務(wù)、無法提供那些社會(huì)要真正讓人們成功所需的東西。社會(huì)企業(yè)家正在解決那些非常重大的問題：超出微型金融以外的問題，像是教育機(jī)會(huì)、兒童健康、住家、干凈水源、氣候變遷。
And the problem is if you look at what the current business, organizations and governments are doing in this sort of space, it really doesn't add up to a coherent solution of the scale that we need. Therefore, I think entrepreneurs are going to be profoundly necessary, because here's the people who used to break up the concrete.
這問題是如果你看看現(xiàn)在的企業(yè)、組織及政府在這種空間里所做的事，它真的無法累積起來達(dá)到我們所需的那種規(guī)模的一致性解決方案。因此，我認(rèn)為企業(yè)家會(huì)變得非常必要，因?yàn)檫@些是過去常打破固有想法的人。
Most people have to see to believe, but I think that social entrepreneurs believe, and then they see. Social entrepreneurs have seen that end result before even got started.
大多數(shù)人必須要眼見為憑，但我認(rèn)為社會(huì)企業(yè)家們先相信，接著他們才看到。社會(huì)企業(yè)家甚至在他們開始之前就已看見最終結(jié)果。
And they've done so all over the world. In Mozambique, Blaise Judja-Sato transformed health care by providing reliable medical services to millions of villagers who have never previously been reached. In India, Bunker Roy's Barefoot College teaches people with no prior training to build and install solar electric technologies. And in the United States, Dorothy Stoneman has shown how young people can change their lives and their communities through job training and education.
而他們已在世界各地都做到了。在莫桑比克，Blaise Judja-Sato改善醫(yī)療照護(hù)，透過提供可靠的醫(yī)療服務(wù)給數(shù)百萬以前從未被接觸過的村民們。在印度，Bunker Roy的赤腳學(xué)院教導(dǎo)沒受過事先訓(xùn)練的人們建造及安裝太陽能電力技術(shù)。在美國(guó)，Dorothy Stoneman已證明年輕人可以怎么透過工作訓(xùn)練及教育改變他們的生活以及他們的社區(qū)。
We had three hundred abandoned buildings in East Harlem where I lived. We had hundreds, maybe thousands of young people standing on the corners with nothing to do, and lots of homeless people. So I looked at that. I thought there's something wrong with this picture. Someone should hire these young people to rebuild these buildings and create housing for the homeless people, and that's what we set out to do.
在我居住的East Harlem區(qū)有三百棟廢棄的建筑。我們有數(shù)百個(gè)，也許數(shù)千個(gè)年輕人站在街角無所事事，還有許多無家可歸的人。所以我看到這個(gè)。我想這個(gè)畫面有些不對(duì)勁。有人需要雇用這些年輕人來重建這些建筑，并建造住家給這些無家可歸的人，而這是我們正著手進(jìn)行的事。
What's those powerful force you can bring to bear is a really big idea, but only if it's in the hands of a really good entrepreneur, it's not combination that changes the world.
你能夠運(yùn)用的那股強(qiáng)大力量是個(gè)偉大的理念，但只有當(dāng)它是在一個(gè)非常優(yōu)秀的企業(yè)家手上，否則就不是個(gè)改變世界的組合。
Today, thousands of social entrepreneurs are tackling a range of problems in all corners of the globe, but until recently, few of them saw themselves as part of a larger movement.
今日，數(shù)千位社會(huì)企業(yè)家正在世界各個(gè)角落解決一系列的問題，但直到最近，他們之中很少人把自己看做是個(gè)較大型運(yùn)動(dòng)的一份子。
Some twenty years ago, social entrepreneurs were working alone, fundamentally they had no idea many times that other social entrepreneur existed. They had an experience of essentially going against stream. Very hard. These are very tough people, but still, alone.
在大約二十年前，社會(huì)企業(yè)家都孤軍奮戰(zhàn)，他們常常根本不知道有其他社會(huì)企業(yè)家存在。他們有本質(zhì)上和趨勢(shì)背道而行的經(jīng)歷。那非常困難。這些是非常堅(jiān)韌的人們，但仍然，孤零零的一個(gè)人。
I think social entrepreneurs have always existed, but because they haven't always been defined as social entrepreneurs, because we've not always recognized them as such, they've had no collective identity. They have been lone pioneers.
我認(rèn)為社會(huì)企業(yè)家一直以來都存在，但因?yàn)樗麄儾⒉焕鲜潜欢x為社會(huì)企業(yè)家，因?yàn)槲覀儾⒉豢偸钦J(rèn)為他們是，所以他們沒有共同的身分。他們都是孤獨(dú)的先鋒。
And now what you see in the world are a whole framework of supports that are coming up, coalescing very very quickly to say, "Hey, social entrepreneurship is very viable."
而今你們?cè)谑澜缟峡吹降氖且徽麄€(gè)擁護(hù)組織的出現(xiàn)，非常非常快速地聯(lián)合起來說：“嘿，社會(huì)企業(yè)家是非?？尚械?。”
Oxford recruits about three hundred highly talented MBA students each year. Students want to know how to change the world. They want to know how the skills they learn in business school can help them change the world.
牛津每年大約招收三百位非常優(yōu)秀的MBA學(xué)生。學(xué)生們想要知道怎么改變世界。他們想知道他們?cè)谏坦軐W(xué)校學(xué)到的技能可以如何幫助他們改變世界。
When you see social entrepreneurs, regardless of how many problems and challenges that they have, they don't give up. They just push forward and they push forward, and that's inspiring to me.
當(dāng)你看到社會(huì)企業(yè)家，不論他們有多少問題和挑戰(zhàn)，他們都不放棄。他們就是奮勇前進(jìn)，然后再奮勇前進(jìn)，那對(duì)我來說非常激勵(lì)人心。
Today, Oxford is just one of the many universities teaching social entrepreneurship and providing homes where practicing entrepreneurs can meet and learn from each other.
今天，牛津只是眾多教授社會(huì)企業(yè)家精神、并提供執(zhí)業(yè)企業(yè)家可相互見面學(xué)習(xí)根據(jù)地的大學(xué)之一。
The point of supporting the social entrepreneurship movement is to create a home for those people to make them less maverick and more of a movement.
支持社會(huì)企業(yè)家精神運(yùn)動(dòng)的重點(diǎn)是要為那些人建立一個(gè)根據(jù)地，讓他們較不必特立獨(dú)行，且更能投入運(yùn)動(dòng)。
The more we wire the field together from local to national to global means that ideas go from Bangladesh to the US and Brazil, Poland to South Africa. That wasn't happening ten years ago. That's a function of the increased productivity at the field.
我們從當(dāng)?shù)亍⒌饺珖?guó)、到全球所串接的領(lǐng)域越多，表示理念從孟加拉傳到美國(guó)和巴西，從波蘭傳到南非。那不是十年前發(fā)生的。那是在這領(lǐng)域中增長(zhǎng)的生產(chǎn)力的作用。
I think the key thing that we have to come back to time and time again is these entrepreneurs cannot do this on their own. They need support. They need support from funders clearly, but they need strategic partnerships with that mainstream business, and they need the support of government and policymakers.
我認(rèn)為我們必須時(shí)不時(shí)地回顧的關(guān)鍵事情是這些企業(yè)家無法只靠自己完成這些事。他們需要支持。他們很明顯地需要投資者的支持，但他們需要與主流企業(yè)的策略性伙伴關(guān)系，而且他們需要政府和決策者的支持。
What's so exciting to be alive at this moment, as a social entrepreneur connected to thousands of social entrepreneurs around the globe, is that within all of us there's this growing movement, and that there's a hopefulness in starting to look at the problems we have as our problems.
在這一刻活著最興奮的事是，身為一位和世界各地?cái)?shù)千位社會(huì)企業(yè)家聯(lián)系的社會(huì)企業(yè)家，最興奮的事是在我們所有人之中有這樣一個(gè)不斷成長(zhǎng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)，還有在開始將我們擁有的問題當(dāng)作我們的問題去看待時(shí)，所抱持的希望。
My hope for the future is that by virtue of the stories that we tell about reasons for optimism, by virtue of the small pieces of success, we build some big pieces of success. Said in a decade's time, we can say this movement began with one very demonstrable success story, and that was called microfinance. But very quickly it built to series of other success stories, and look at the effect they've had on the world.
我對(duì)未來的希望是，憑借著我們所說的這些有關(guān)樂觀理由的故事、憑借著小片的成功，我們拼出一些大片的成功。十年時(shí)間的闡述，我們可以說這個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)是以一個(gè)非常明顯的成功故事開始的，而那叫做微型金融。但很快地它發(fā)展成一系列其他成功故事，然后看看那它們對(duì)世界帶來的影響。
