《孫子兵法》第17期:第三章 謀攻(4)

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作戰(zhàn)篇 NO.4：

夫?qū)⒄?，?guó)之輔也。

輔周則國(guó)必強(qiáng)，輔隙則國(guó)必弱。

故君之所以患于軍者三：不知軍之不可以進(jìn)而謂之進(jìn)，不知軍之不可以退而謂之退，是謂縻軍;不知三軍之事而同三軍之政，則軍士惑矣;不知三軍之權(quán)而同三軍之任，則軍士疑矣。

三軍既惑且疑，則諸侯之難至矣。

是謂亂軍引勝。

這句啥意思：

將帥，國(guó)家之輔助也。

輔助之謀縝密周詳，則國(guó)家必然強(qiáng)大，輔助之謀疏漏失當(dāng)，則國(guó)家必然衰弱。

所以，國(guó)君對(duì)軍隊(duì)的危害有三種：不知道軍隊(duì)不可以前進(jìn)而下令前進(jìn)，不知道軍隊(duì)不可以后退而下令后退，這叫做束縛軍隊(duì);不知道軍隊(duì)的戰(zhàn)守之事、內(nèi)部事務(wù)而同理三軍之政，將士們會(huì)無(wú)所適從;不知道軍隊(duì)?wèi)?zhàn)略戰(zhàn)術(shù)的權(quán)宜變化，卻干預(yù)軍隊(duì)的指揮，將士就會(huì)疑慮。

軍隊(duì)既無(wú)所適從，又疑慮重重，諸侯就會(huì)趁機(jī)興兵作難。

這就是自亂其軍，坐失勝機(jī)。

英文這么說(shuō)：

Now the general is the bulwark of the State.

If the bulwark is complete at all points; the State will be strong; if the bulwark is defective, theState will be weak.

There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his army:--By commandingthe army to advance or to retreat, being ignorant of the fact that it cannot obey.This is calledhobbling the army.

attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom, being ignorantof the conditions which obtain in an army. This causes restlessness in the soldier's minds. Byemploying the officers of his army without discrimination, through ignorance of the militaryprinciple of adaptation to circumstances.This shakes the confidence of the soldiers.

But when the army is restless and distrustful,trouble is sure to come from the other feudalprinces.

This is simply bringing anarchy into the army, and flinging victory away.

《孫子如是說(shuō)》

孫子認(rèn)為，在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)指導(dǎo)上，重要的是知道敵我情況，否則就會(huì)產(chǎn)生極其危險(xiǎn)的結(jié)果。孫子指出危害軍隊(duì)的三個(gè)“不知”：”不知軍之不可以進(jìn)而謂之進(jìn)，不知軍之不可以退而謂之退，是謂縻軍;不知三軍之事而同三軍之政者，則軍士惑矣;不知三軍之權(quán)而同三軍之任，則軍士疑矣。”這三條都是君主對(duì)軍隊(duì)的瞎指揮。并且指出了這種瞎指揮的危害是，使軍隊(duì)既迷惑又疑慮，各諸侯國(guó)乘隙進(jìn)攻的災(zāi)難就臨頭了，這就是擾亂自己的軍隊(duì)而導(dǎo)致敵人的勝利。反之，不搞瞎指揮，而是按照軍事斗爭(zhēng)的特點(diǎn)對(duì)將帥進(jìn)行正確領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的，就是孫子所主張的明君。君與將的關(guān)系，孫子并不認(rèn)為是對(duì)立的，相互排斥的，而是認(rèn)為二者的關(guān)系如問(wèn)輔車相依——國(guó)君如同車輪，將帥如問(wèn)車輪上的支柱——缺一下可。