BBC News:發(fā)展中國(guó)家禁煙成大難題

Today, around 5.5 trillion cigarettes are produced every year in spite of the fact that tobacco use kills about 5 and a half million people every year, an average of one person every 6 seconds. The BBC's Peter Tailor has been taking a new look at the global tobacco market.

現(xiàn)在，每年約有550萬(wàn)億人死于抽煙，相當(dāng)于每六秒一人的死亡概率。然而，香煙的年產(chǎn)量仍維持在5.5萬(wàn)支億。本臺(tái)記者彼得·泰勒從全新視角解讀了全球煙草市場(chǎng)。

Much of the industry's position has not changed on advertising. For example, it still maintains that advertising is not designed to get people to smoke; it's about getting smokers to switch brands. But you know, one has to give them credit for developing electronic cigarettes which are undoubtedly much safer than conventional cigarettes. So yes there is a change on that front. I mean, they will say that that is the future and they are investing a lot of money in it and investing millions in developing e-cigarettes. It has huge potential as a market but it still has to be seen in a, you know, in a context of where the vast majority of their profits will come from over the next, you know, many decades.

這 個(gè)行業(yè)對(duì)廣告的定位基本沒(méi)有改變。廣告不是為了讓不吸煙的人吸煙，而是為了引導(dǎo)煙民購(gòu)買(mǎi)自己品牌的香煙。但我們還是要贊同他們開(kāi)發(fā)電子煙。因?yàn)樗_實(shí)比傳 統(tǒng)香煙安全得多。所以，在這方面煙草行業(yè)確實(shí)有所改變。他們會(huì)說(shuō)電子煙是未來(lái)的趨勢(shì)，他們?yōu)榇送顿Y巨大。作為一個(gè)市場(chǎng)，電子煙有很大的潛力。但是還要看接 下來(lái)幾十年的主要利潤(rùn)點(diǎn)在哪里。

So Peter, if we look at that bigger global picture, well how much are you seeing the sense of pushing the smoking of combustible cigarettes at children?

彼得，從全球范圍看，你認(rèn)為吸煙被推向兒童群體的程度會(huì)怎樣?

Advertising is everywhere, the Phillip Morris, iconic Marlboro cowboy still riding the range. Everywhere you go, there are cigarettes on sale which of course are attractive to young children. There is effective no government legislation on it. I spoke to the Prime Minister who is the former guerrilla leader, who you know, fought for independence. And he is a chain smoker. He said, “I know, but I'm addicted. I find it very difficult to stop.” I asked him about banning advertising. Banning advertising you know, doesn't achieve anything. The way to go forward is education. There is no education. So it's really interesting microcosm of the way that the problem is evident in a developing country, pretty typical of many developing countries. That's where the next generation of smokers are. Peter Tailor.

廣告無(wú)處不在。菲利普·莫里斯、煙盒上畫(huà)著牛仔的萬(wàn)寶路，都是市面暢銷(xiāo)品。到 處都有香煙出售，這對(duì)青少年是不小的吸引力。然而，政府沒(méi)有出臺(tái)有效的政策禁止青少年吸煙。我采訪了該國(guó)總理，他曾任獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)游擊戰(zhàn)領(lǐng)袖。煙抽得很厲害。 他說(shuō)：“我知道，但是我就是上癮了，很難戒掉。”我問(wèn)他對(duì)于嚴(yán)禁煙草廣告有何看法。他說(shuō)，嚴(yán)禁煙草廣告毫無(wú)成效，正確的舉措應(yīng)該是教育。該國(guó)在禁煙方面沒(méi) 有相關(guān)教育措施。所以，這是許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家存在的典型問(wèn)題的縮影。下一代煙民因此而誕生。彼得·泰勒?qǐng)?bào)道。

John Browne used to be chief executive of the giant oil company BP, formerly British Petroleum. That was until he was forced to admit his homosexuality after his former lover sold his kiss-and-tell story to a newspaper. Lord Browne admitted he'd lied while trying to repress the story, claiming he'd met Jeff Chevalier while out jogging. He resigned from BP. Now he's written a book called the The Glass Closet calling on companies and corporations to do more to promote equality for gay workers.

約翰·布朗 曾擔(dān)任前英國(guó)石油公司BP的首席執(zhí)行官，后因前男友將其私生活故事賣(mài)給一家報(bào)紙，最終被迫承認(rèn)性取向，隨后辭職。布朗勛爵承認(rèn)自己因急于把事情壓下去而謊 稱(chēng)他和杰夫·希瓦利埃是在慢跑時(shí)相識(shí)。他從BP辭職，現(xiàn)在寫(xiě)了一本名為《玻璃柜》的書(shū)，呼吁公司和企業(yè)更加注重維護(hù)同性戀員工的平等權(quán)。