新概念英語第二冊(cè)詳解第3課:請(qǐng)給我寄張明信片 Please send me a card
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解】
一、詞匯解析
1 send [動(dòng)詞] 寄，發(fā)送；傳達(dá)，告知；派遣，打發(fā)
send sb. something/ send sth. to sb.
例句：Lily sent me a present from Australia.
莉莉從澳大利亞給我寄來了禮物。
短語擴(kuò)展：send for sb. 請(qǐng)某人來
例句：Please hurrily send for a doctor!
請(qǐng)趕快請(qǐng)醫(yī)生過來！
2 spoil [動(dòng)詞] 破壞，毀掉；溺愛，嬌慣，寵壞
spoil的過去式和過去分詞可以是spoiled或spoilt
例句：My weekend was spoilt by his sudden visit.
我的周末被他的突然到訪破壞了。
spoil還可表示長輩對(duì)晚輩的溺愛，嬌慣。
例句：Jack is spoilt by his mother.
杰克被他的媽媽寵壞了。
3 public [形容詞] 公共的，公眾的；百姓的
這個(gè)詞與我們第1課中講到的private是一對(duì)反義詞。
public library 公共圖書館
public transport 公共運(yùn)輸
例句：The media has a great influence on public opinion.
傳媒對(duì)大眾輿論有很大影響。
public也可以作名詞，前面加定冠詞the，表示平民，百姓。
例句：The president gave a speech to the public.
總統(tǒng)對(duì)公眾進(jìn)行了演講。
4 friendly [形容詞] 友好的，友愛的；親切的，善意的；朋友似的
friendly是一個(gè)形容詞，要特別注意，它的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)分別是friendlier，friendliest。
短語擴(kuò)展：friendly to/ towards sb.
例句：Everyone was friendly to me.
每個(gè)人對(duì)我都很友好。
friendly match 友誼賽
5 lend [動(dòng)詞] 借給，借出
lend (out) sth. to sb./ lend sb. sth.
例句：Can you lend me your cellphone?
你能把手機(jī)借我用用嗎？
lend，borrow，keep的區(qū)別
兩者都可表示"借"，但是 borrow 指"借入"，而 lend 則指"借出"，兩者其實(shí)是一對(duì)反義詞，而不是同義詞。如：
I borrowed this book from the library.
我從圖書館借到了這本書。
He lent his dictionary to me.
他把字典借給我。
要表示"向某人借某物"，英語用borrow sth from sb，其中用介詞from。
要表示"把某物借給某人"，英語用lend sth to sb，其中用介詞to。
具體可見以上兩個(gè)例句。
keep做"借"講時(shí)，是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，通常表示借了某物多長時(shí)間，常與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。而borrow 和lend 是短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。
例句：You can keep this bike for a week.
這輛自行車你可以借用一周。
二、語法解析
1 go to+地名 表示去某地
例句：I want to go to Tibet.
我想去西藏。
2 A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian.
a few words of幾句話=a little Italian
a few 少許，少數(shù)
a few word 幾句（話）
few 后面跟可數(shù)名詞；(記憶小妙招：因?yàn)樽帜缚梢杂糜沂值奈鍌€(gè)手指頭數(shù)出來)
little后面跟不可數(shù)名詞(記憶小妙招：因?yàn)樽帜覆豢梢杂糜沂值奈鍌€(gè)手指頭數(shù)出來)
以little為例，a little表示的是有一點(diǎn)，little表示的是幾乎沒有了，但可能還會(huì)有一丁點(diǎn)兒。
3 thought about=think about 思索, 考慮; 回顧, 想起; 想到(某人, 某事)
相關(guān)think的詞組還有
think for 認(rèn)為, 預(yù)料
think of 考慮 設(shè)想, 想象
think (sth.) out[through] 仔細(xì)考慮; 想出, 想透; 設(shè)計(jì)出
think over 仔細(xì)考慮一下(指想過了, 再想)
think twice 再三考慮; 躊躇
think up 想出, 想起等，大家要區(qū)別記憶。
4 I visited museums and sat in public gardens.
這個(gè)句子里visited和sat都是用的過去式，這個(gè)句子就使用了一般過去時(shí)的形式。
一般過去時(shí)主要用來對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事情作一般性的描述。
?、俦硎具^去發(fā)生的事件和狀態(tài)，只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的一個(gè)事實(shí)，與現(xiàn)在無任何聯(lián)系。
例句：I went to Beijing 3 years ago.
我三年前去過北京。
?、诒硎具^去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，而且必須帶表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語。否則，只能表示過去的某個(gè)一次性動(dòng)作。
例句：He wrote a letter every week.
他過去每周寫一封信。
?、蹟⑹鲞^去發(fā)生的一連串動(dòng)作。在這一句型中，幾個(gè)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞要求使用同一種形式。
例句：He washed his face, put on his coat, opened the door, and rushed out.
他洗完臉，穿上外套，打開門，然后沖了出去。
5、I spent the whole day in my room。 spend的用法一直有比較公認(rèn)的規(guī)則：spend money/time etc on sth或spend money/time etc(in)doing sth,一般認(rèn)為介詞in可以省略;與其相當(dāng)同樣要掌握的一個(gè)詞就是take：take sb.sometimes to do sth./Sth takes (sb.)sometime to do. e.g. It takes me ten minutes to walk to my office. 我花了10分鐘才走到辦公室。
6、single 唯一的單一的。a single card一張明信片
in single file 一路縱隊(duì)
the single state 獨(dú)身狀態(tài)
a single bed 單人床
single only之間的區(qū)別
single 強(qiáng)調(diào)"一個(gè)的"、"僅此一個(gè)的", 如:
She buys a single new dress each year.
她每年僅買一件新衣服。
only 系常用語, 著重"僅有一個(gè)(或一批)的", 含"不會(huì)再多的"之意, 如:
This is the only example I can give you.
這是我所能給你的唯一例子。
時(shí)態(tài)解析：
本文出現(xiàn)了3處的過去式的否定形態(tài)用法，即助動(dòng)詞do的過去式的did否定形態(tài)用法，I did not understand a word；I did not send cards to my friends； I did not write a single card!
下面說說肯定句改為否定句的基本方法:
①當(dāng)陳述句的謂語動(dòng)詞由 be構(gòu)成時(shí)，改為否定句，把not加在be后面。
例1．They are doctors．
這個(gè)句子的謂語動(dòng)詞是由系動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的，改為否定句時(shí)把 not加在are的后面，即：They are not doctors．
②陳述句的謂語動(dòng)詞是行為動(dòng)詞，改為否定句時(shí)，要用助動(dòng)詞do（does，did）＋not＋行為動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成否定形式。
例1．He studies English well．
本句的謂語由行為動(dòng)詞studies構(gòu)成，把它改為否定句時(shí)要由助動(dòng)詞does＋not構(gòu)成否定形式，即：He doesn't study English well．
上例三句中都屬于這類understand，send，write均為行為動(dòng)詞，在句中做謂語。
I did not understand a word否定---I understood.肯定
I did not send cards to my friends.否定---I sent cards to my friends.肯定
I did not write a single card!否定---I written a card! 肯定
注意，動(dòng)詞則保持原型。
不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式和過去分詞表
am was been 是
are were been 是
awake awoke awoke 喚醒
bear bore born 忍受
beat beat beaten 打;敲打
become became become 成為;變成
begin began begun 開始
bet bet bet 打賭
break broke broken 打壞;打破
bring brought brought 帶來
build built built 建筑;建設(shè)
burn burnt burnt 燃燒
buy bought bought 買
catch caught caught 揪住;抓住
can could 能;會(huì)
choose chose chosen 選擇
come came came 來
cost cost cost 花費(fèi)
cut cut cut 砍;切
do did done 做
does did done 做
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt 做夢(mèng)
drink drank drunk 喝
drive drove driven 駕駛;開車
eat ate eaten 吃
fall fell fallen 落下;跌倒
feed fed fed 喂養(yǎng)
feel felt felt 感覺
fight fought fought 打架
find found found 發(fā)現(xiàn);找到
fly flew flown 飛行
forget forgot forgotten/forgot 忘記
get got got/gotten 得到
give gave given 給予
go went gone 走;去
grow grew grown 成長;種植
hang hung/hanged hung/hanged 閑晃;懸掛
have had had 有
has had had 有
hear heard heard 聽見
hit hit hit 打;擊
hold held held 舉辦;容納
hurt hurt hurt 傷害
keep kept kept 保持;喂養(yǎng)
know knew known 知道;了解
lay laid laid 下蛋;平躺
learn learnt/learnt learnt 學(xué)習(xí)
leave left left 離開;留下
lend lent lent 借給
let let let 讓
lie lay lain 躺下
lose lost lost 丟失
make made made 制造;制作
mean meant meant 意思是;意味著
meet met met 遇見
may might 可以
mistake mistook mistaken 犯錯(cuò)
must must 必須
pay paid paid 付錢;賠償
put put put 掛
read read read 讀
ride rode ridden 騎;乘
ring rang rung (鐘/鈴)響;鳴
rise rose risen 升起
run ran run 跑
say said said 說
see saw seen 看見
sell sold sold 賣
send sent sent 寄;送;派
set set set 安裝
shake shook shaken 搖動(dòng);擺動(dòng)
shine shone/shined shone/shined 照耀
show showed shown/showed 顯示
新概念英語第二冊(cè)Lesson 5 練習(xí)題：
1、Although he 's wealthy，he spends___ on clothes.
A. little B. few C. a little D. a few
