設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)之 專(zhuān)利設(shè)計(jì)　Design Patent

設(shè)計(jì)和生產(chǎn)之 專(zhuān)利設(shè)計(jì)　Design Patent

設(shè)計(jì)專(zhuān)利（design patent）是對(duì)一個(gè)實(shí)用項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)所授予的專(zhuān)利。在美國(guó)，這被稱(chēng)作是外觀設(shè)計(jì)專(zhuān)利。同樣的概念在一些別的國(guó)家被稱(chēng)作外觀設(shè)計(jì)注冊(cè)（registered design）。雖然名稱(chēng)各異，但都起到了促進(jìn)創(chuàng)新、保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的作用。通過(guò)下面的分析和例子，我們一同看看如何為設(shè)計(jì)申請(qǐng)專(zhuān)利。

搜尋

在國(guó)家專(zhuān)利商標(biāo)局的網(wǎng)站上進(jìn)行專(zhuān)利檢索（conduct a patent search）。通過(guò)關(guān)鍵字和詞組（keywords and phrases）來(lái)搜尋是否存在類(lèi)似或完全一樣的設(shè)計(jì)，這樣可以避免在審核設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程中因?yàn)楸话l(fā)現(xiàn)雷同而遭到拒絕。

⊙Did you search to make sure there isn't anything similar already patented?你有沒(méi)有查詢(xún)并確保沒(méi)有類(lèi)似的已經(jīng)是專(zhuān)利的內(nèi)容？

⊙This is an original idea.這是一個(gè)原創(chuàng)的想法。

⊙What other keywords should I try searching under?我應(yīng)該試著通過(guò)什么關(guān)鍵詞來(lái)查詢(xún)？

申請(qǐng)

從國(guó)家專(zhuān)利商標(biāo)局網(wǎng)站下載并填寫(xiě)設(shè)計(jì)專(zhuān)利申請(qǐng)表，郵寄該申請(qǐng)表到網(wǎng)站上指定的地址。此后將收到個(gè)人記錄的一個(gè)申請(qǐng)?zhí)枺╝pplication number）和立案收據(jù)（filing receipt）。

⊙The application is quite simple really.申請(qǐng)事實(shí)上非常簡(jiǎn)單。

⊙The application is in the mail.申請(qǐng)已經(jīng)郵寄出去了。

⊙I've requested a file number for my patent application.我已經(jīng)索取了一個(gè)我的專(zhuān)利申請(qǐng)的檔案號(hào)。

⊙What kinds of fees are involved in the registering of a patent?在注冊(cè)專(zhuān)利時(shí)要付哪些費(fèi)用？

⊙Do we need to enlist the help of a lawyer?我們需要律師幫助嗎？

⊙This unique patented design is exclusively ours.唯一擁有專(zhuān)利設(shè)計(jì)的是我們。

⊙Legally, they haven't got a leg to stand on.在法律上他們站不住腳。

⊙They say there's nothing new under the sun.他們說(shuō)天下無(wú)新事。

⊙We need to file for a design patent because it protects our investment.我們需要為我們的設(shè)計(jì)申請(qǐng)專(zhuān)利，因?yàn)樗鼙Ｗo(hù)我們的投資。

⊙Having a design patent gives us a legal arm when dealing with copycats.擁有專(zhuān)利為我們提供了一個(gè)對(duì)付那些模仿者的法律武器。

設(shè)計(jì)圖紙

在繪制設(shè)計(jì)圖紙（design drawings）時(shí)要用墨水筆，并且包含不同角度（different angles）的描繪。專(zhuān)利審計(jì)人員在對(duì)比（compare）類(lèi)似的已存在的專(zhuān)利設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，會(huì)拒絕那些差別描述不夠清晰或者完全一樣的（duplicate）設(shè)計(jì)申請(qǐng)。

⊙Is the design clear enough in these technical drawings, or do you think I need another picture from a different angle?

設(shè)計(jì)在技術(shù)圖紙上夠清晰嗎？或者你認(rèn)為我需要一張別的角度的圖紙嗎？

⊙The application was rejected because the examiner found a duplicate design in the database.

申請(qǐng)被拒絕是因?yàn)閷徲?jì)員在資料庫(kù)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一張完全一樣的設(shè)計(jì)。

回復(fù)及時(shí)（respond in a timely manner）

在完成第一步的申請(qǐng)后，根據(jù)立案收據(jù)上的時(shí)間限制，及時(shí)回復(fù)當(dāng)局是否還有資料要補(bǔ)充。當(dāng)局在收到你的申請(qǐng)的那一刻起，你的發(fā)明和設(shè)計(jì)就已經(jīng)在保護(hù)的有效期內(nèi)了。

A：How's your patent application coming?

B：I've already applied and sent in my technical drawings. Now I'm just waiting to receive notice from the office.

A：你的專(zhuān)利申請(qǐng)進(jìn)展如何？

B：我已經(jīng)申請(qǐng)了并且已經(jīng)把我的技術(shù)圖紙寄去處理了，我現(xiàn)在只是在等他們辦公室的消息。

總結(jié)

申請(qǐng)專(zhuān)利的目的不僅在于保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，打擊抄襲剽竊，更重要的是從法律的角度來(lái)保護(hù)和促進(jìn)技術(shù)的革新與進(jìn)步。對(duì)于自己的智慧結(jié)晶應(yīng)當(dāng)及早提起申請(qǐng)。為了避免浪費(fèi)時(shí)間，應(yīng)當(dāng)先了解同類(lèi)型產(chǎn)品的申請(qǐng)情況，避免重復(fù)。此外，申請(qǐng)時(shí)附上清晰的圖紙和詳細(xì)的說(shuō)明，會(huì)加快審核的效率。

Words　單詞表

application申請(qǐng)

copy復(fù)制，拷貝

copycat模仿者

exclusively獨(dú)家的，專(zhuān)門(mén)的

intend打算，想要，企圖

investment投資

legally合法地，從法律上

mostly大多，大部分的

necessary必要的，必需的

overseas海外的，國(guó)外的

protect保護(hù)

similar相似的，類(lèi)似的

simple簡(jiǎn)單的，單純的

unique獨(dú)特的，唯一的

Phrases　短語(yǔ)表

be granted a patent被授予專(zhuān)利權(quán)

not have a leg to stand on站不住腳

enlist（sb's）help尋求（某人）幫助

get through（a process）結(jié)束，完成一個(gè)過(guò)程

file for申請(qǐng)

have a legal arm擁有法律武器

house lawyer公司律師

in the mail在信里，在郵箱里

make a profit（on sth）（在某事物上）賺錢(qián)

no matter無(wú)論

no reason why沒(méi)有理由

There is nothing new under the sun天下無(wú)新事

private individual私營(yíng)個(gè)體

receive notice接收通知

send in呈報(bào)，遞交

technical drawings技術(shù)圖紙

實(shí)景對(duì)話(huà)1

A：How's your patent application coming?

B：I've already applied and sent in my technical drawings. Now I'm just waiting to receive notice from the office.

A：Actually, I wanted to ask you a few questions about how you got through the patent process, because I'm looking into applying for a patent on some of the work I've done, too.

B：Really?The application is quite simple really.

A：I know. My application is in the mail.But I am not sure about how hard it is to actually be granted a patent once you've applied. Do I need to enlist the help of a lawyer?

B：Sometimes larger corporations enlist the services of their house lawyers to do it, but there's no reason why a private individual with a good idea should have to get a lawyer to be granted a patent. Did you search to make sure there isn't anything similar already patented?

A：Uh, no……I didn't realize I had to do that.

B：It's always a useful step. With the first design I sent in for patenting, the application was rejected because the examiner found a duplicate design in the database. If I had done the search myself, I could have made the necessary adjustments and saved us all a little time.

A：你的專(zhuān)利申請(qǐng)進(jìn)展如何？

B：我已經(jīng)提出申請(qǐng)并且寄去了我的技術(shù)圖紙，現(xiàn)在就等他們辦公室的通知了。

A：事實(shí)上，我是想問(wèn)你一些有關(guān)怎么申請(qǐng)專(zhuān)利的問(wèn)題，因?yàn)槲艺诹私馊绾螢槲业囊恍┳髌飞暾?qǐng)專(zhuān)利。

B：真的嗎？申請(qǐng)其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單。

A：我知道，我已經(jīng)通過(guò)郵件寄去了申請(qǐng)。但是我不清楚申請(qǐng)之后得到專(zhuān)利授權(quán)會(huì)有多難。我是否需要向律師求助？

B：一些較大的公司會(huì)尋求內(nèi)部律師來(lái)辦這些事，但是作為一個(gè)有好點(diǎn)子的私人個(gè)體，沒(méi)有必要為了得到專(zhuān)利去找律師。你查找并且確認(rèn)過(guò)不存在任何類(lèi)似的已經(jīng)注冊(cè)的專(zhuān)利嗎？

A：哦，沒(méi)有……我沒(méi)有意識(shí)到我得那樣做。

B：這一步很重要。我的第一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)申請(qǐng)專(zhuān)利的時(shí)候，申請(qǐng)被拒就是因?yàn)閷徍苏咴谫Y料庫(kù)中發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)完全一樣的設(shè)計(jì)。如果我當(dāng)時(shí)自己查詢(xún)一下，我就可以做一些必要的調(diào)整，能夠省一些我們的時(shí)間。

實(shí)景對(duì)話(huà)2

A：We need to file for a design patent because it protects our investment.

B：Is having a patent really necessary?Our products are mostly sold overseas, so it seems like we wouldn't have much to worry about.

A：No matter which country we intend to market our devices, we want to be sure we're covered. Having a design patent gives us a legal arm when dealing with copycats.

B：Well, what if we do have a problem with someone copying our design and trying to make a profit on it?

A：Once we've got our patent, this unique patented design is exclusively ours. If someone copies us, legally, they haven't got a leg to stand on.

B：They say there's nothing new under the sun. How do we know our idea isn't already copying someone else's?

A：I guess we'll find that out when we apply for our patent. The point isn't about who had the idea first, the point is who registers the patent on the idea first.

A：我們需要申請(qǐng)?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)專(zhuān)利，因?yàn)檫@樣才能保護(hù)我們的投資。

B：擁有專(zhuān)利真的那么必要嗎？我們的產(chǎn)品大部分是銷(xiāo)往海外的，所以看上去我們沒(méi)有太多要擔(dān)心的。

A：不管我們向哪個(gè)國(guó)家銷(xiāo)售我們的設(shè)備，我們都要確保得到保護(hù)。擁有專(zhuān)利為我們提供了一個(gè)對(duì)付抄襲者的法律武器。

B：如果我們真碰上某人復(fù)制我們的設(shè)計(jì)并試圖以此牟利該怎么辦？

A：一旦我們擁有專(zhuān)利，這個(gè)唯一的專(zhuān)利設(shè)計(jì)就只能是我們的。如果某人抄襲我們，他們?cè)诜缮暇驼静蛔∧_。

B：那他們會(huì)說(shuō)天下無(wú)新事。我們?cè)趺粗牢覀兊南敕ň筒皇浅u別的什么人的？

A：我想在申請(qǐng)專(zhuān)利的時(shí)候我們就會(huì)知道會(huì)不會(huì)有這個(gè)問(wèn)題存在。關(guān)鍵不在于誰(shuí)先有那個(gè)主意，而在于誰(shuí)先對(duì)這個(gè)主意擁有專(zhuān)利。