國(guó)家地理:女性是如何改變盧旺達(dá)的(2)

Alice Urusaro Karekezi remembers those dark days and the daunting questions of how Rwanda would move forward. A human rights lawyer, she spearheaded an effort to have the rapes punished as a war crime in 1997, and she co-founded the Center for Conflict Management in 1999.

愛(ài)麗絲·尤盧薩羅·卡雷克奇記得那些黑暗的日子，她還記得那些問(wèn)題問(wèn)盧旺達(dá)怎么樣才能向前走。作為一名人權(quán)律師，她沖在第一線，在1997年讓那些強(qiáng)奸犯作為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)犯接受了懲罰，她還在1999年參與創(chuàng)建了沖突管理中心。

"You had the majority of the dead—men," she says. "The majority of the fugitives—men. The majority of the prisoners—men. Who will run the country?"

她說(shuō)：“死的大部分都是男人。那些難民也大部分都是男人。坐牢的人也大部分都是男人。那誰(shuí)來(lái)管理這個(gè)國(guó)家呢？”

Out of tragedy, necessity, and pragmatism, women -- up to 80 percent of Rwanda's surviving population -- stepped in to fill the leadership void. Aided by women's civil society groups, lawmakers have introduced some of the most women-friendly policies in the world.

由于這些悲劇，出于必要性和實(shí)用性的考慮，女性，這些在盧旺達(dá)存活下來(lái)的人口中占80%的人，走上了領(lǐng)導(dǎo)席。在民間女性團(tuán)體的幫助下，議員們制定了一些在全世界范圍內(nèi)對(duì)女性最友好的政策。

In 1999, overturning tradition, women officially were allowed to inherit property in the absence of a will, making landowners of rural daughters who'd been disenfranchised in favor of their brothers. Other reforms enabled women to use their land as collateral to obtain loans. Women were granted the right to open bank accounts without their husband's permission, further encouraging financial independence. Girls' education was prioritized through efforts that allowed more of them to attend college, and incentives were created for girls to study traditionally male-dominated subjects.

1999年，顛覆了傳統(tǒng)，國(guó)家宣布在沒(méi)有遺囑的情況下女性也有權(quán)繼承遺產(chǎn)，曾經(jīng)被剝奪了繼承權(quán)的只能選擇支持兄弟的女兒們也擁有了土地。還有一些其他的改革允許女性用地作為抵押品來(lái)獲得貸款。女性還有權(quán)在沒(méi)有丈夫的允許的情況下開(kāi)銀行賬戶，這進(jìn)一步鼓勵(lì)了她們的經(jīng)濟(jì)獨(dú)立。各種努力也讓女性教育獲得優(yōu)先權(quán)，更多女孩因此可以上大學(xué)，國(guó)家還鼓勵(lì)她們?nèi)W(xué)習(xí)那些以前只以男性為主的學(xué)科。