TED演講：來自愛爾蘭第一位女總統(tǒng)的呼吁

　　Mary Robinson: Why climate change is a threat to human rights

　　瑪麗·羅賓遜：為何氣候變化對人權(quán)保護(hù)構(gòu)成威脅

　　A question I'm often asked is, where did I get my passion for human rights and justice? It started early. I grew up in the west of Ireland, wedged between four brothers, two older than me and two younger than me. So of course I had to be interested in human rights, and equality and justice, and using my elbows!

　　別人常問我一個(gè)問題，就是我對人權(quán)及正義的熱情從何而來?這從很早就開始了。我在西愛爾蘭長大，夾在四個(gè)兄弟之間，兩個(gè)哥哥、兩個(gè)弟弟。所以想當(dāng)然爾我對人權(quán)、平等及正義產(chǎn)生興趣，當(dāng)然還要會用我的手肘!

　　(Laughter)

　　(笑聲)

　　And those issues stayed with me and guided me, and in particular, when I was elected the first woman President of Ireland, from 1990 to 1997. I dedicated my presidency to having a space for those who felt marginalized on the island of Ireland, and bringing together communities from Northern Ireland with those from the Republic, trying to build peace. And I went as the first Irish president to the United Kingdom and met with Queen Elizabeth II, and also welcomed to my official residence -- which we call "Áras an Uachtaráin," the house of the president -- members of the royal family, including, notably, the Prince of Wales. And I was aware that at the time of my presidency, Ireland was a country beginning a rapid economic progress. We were a country that was benefiting from the solidarity of the European Union. Indeed, when Ireland first joined the European Union in 1973, there were parts of the country that were considered developing, including my own beloved native county, County Mayo. I led trade delegations here to the United States, to Japan, to India, to encourage investment, to help to create jobs, to build up our economy, to build up our health system, our education -- our development.

　　這些議題隨著我、帶領(lǐng)我成長，特別是在我當(dāng)選為愛爾蘭第一位女總統(tǒng)，任期在1990到1997年間。我在位期間，致力給予愛爾蘭島上覺得被邊緣化的人生存空間，并促使北愛爾蘭社群與共和國社群和解，試著建立和平。我是第一位拜訪英國的愛爾蘭總統(tǒng)，會晤女王伊麗莎白二世，并在我的官邸──我們稱之為「總統(tǒng)的房子」──接待皇室成員，特別包括王儲查爾斯王子。我知道在我當(dāng)總統(tǒng)期間，愛爾蘭的經(jīng)濟(jì)開始快速發(fā)展。我們是歐盟團(tuán)結(jié)的受益者。確實(shí)，愛爾蘭于1973年首次加入歐盟時(shí)，部分地區(qū)可說是正在發(fā)展，包括我心愛的家鄉(xiāng)，梅奧郡。我曾領(lǐng)導(dǎo)商務(wù)代表團(tuán)來訪美國，還有日本、印度，鼓勵投資、幫助創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會、增進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，加強(qiáng)醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)、教育──各種發(fā)展。

　　What I didn't have to do as president was buy land on mainland Europe, so that Irish citizens could go there because our island was going underwater. What I didn't have to think about, either as president or as a constitutional lawyer, was the implications for the sovereignty of the territory because of the impact of climate change. But that is what President Tong, of the Republic of Kiribati, has to wake up every morning thinking about. He has bought land in Fiji as an insurance policy, what he calls, "migration with dignity," because he knows that his people may have to leave their islands. As I listened to President Tong describing the situation, I really felt that this was a problem that no leader should have to face. And as I heard him speak about the pain of his problems, I thought about Eleanor Roosevelt. I thought about her and those who worked with her on the Commission on Human Rights, which she chaired in 1948, and drew up the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. For them, it would have been unimaginable that a whole country could go out of existence because of human-induced climate change.

　　但我身為總統(tǒng)不用做的是去歐洲大陸買塊地，讓愛爾蘭公民去那里，因?yàn)槲覀兊膷u就要沉到水里去了。我都不用考慮──無論我是總統(tǒng)還是憲法專門律師──因?yàn)闅夂蜃冞w的影響造成的領(lǐng)土主權(quán)問題。但那是吉里巴斯共和國湯安諾總統(tǒng)每天早上醒來都要考慮的問題。他必須在斐濟(jì)買塊地當(dāng)保單，他稱之為「有尊嚴(yán)的遷移」，因?yàn)樗浪娜嗣裼幸惶毂仨殫墠u而去。我在聽湯總統(tǒng)描述情況的時(shí)候，我真的覺得這不是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人應(yīng)該面對的問題。我在聽他訴說這個(gè)問題帶來的痛苦時(shí)，我就想到愛蓮娜·羅斯福。我想到她和與她一同在聯(lián)合國人權(quán)委員會工作的人，她于1948年當(dāng)主席，并起草《世界人權(quán)宣言》。他們大概無法想象一整個(gè)國家會因?yàn)槿藶榈臍夂蜃冞w而消失。

　　I came to climate change not as a scientist or an environmental lawyer, and I wasn't really impressed by the images of polar bears or melting glaciers. It was because of the impact on people, and the impact on their rights -- their rights to food and safe water, health, education and shelter. And I say this with humility, because I came late to the issue of climate change. When I served as UN High Commissioner for Human Rights from 1997 to 2002, climate change wasn't at the front of my mind. I don't remember making a single speech on climate change. I knew that there was another part of the United Nations -- the UN Convention on Climate Change -- that was dealing with the issue of climate change. It was later when I started to work in African countries on issues of development and human rights. And I kept hearing this pervasive sentence: "Oh, but things are so much worse now, things are so much worse." And then I explored what was behind that; it was about changes in the climate -- climate shocks, changes in the weather.

　　我不是以科學(xué)家或環(huán)境律師開始關(guān)注氣候變遷，北極熊或冰河融化的照片也沒有特別打動我。我是因?yàn)檫@對人民的沖擊，對他們權(quán)力的沖擊──他們有權(quán)力獲得食物、干凈的水、健康、教育及安身之處。我以謙卑的心說出這些，因?yàn)槲姨黻P(guān)注氣候變遷這個(gè)議題。我擔(dān)任聯(lián)合國人權(quán)事務(wù)高級專員是在1997到2002年間，當(dāng)時(shí)氣候變遷在我心中沒什么地位，我不記得我針對氣候變遷說過任何一場演講。我知道聯(lián)合國有另一個(gè)部分──聯(lián)合國氣候變化綱要公約──專門處理氣候變遷議題。我是在之后，開始在非洲國家處理發(fā)展及人權(quán)問題時(shí)，才開始注意到。我一直聽到大家都在說這句話：「噢!但現(xiàn)在情況更糟了，更糟了!」所以我就探究了背后的情況;原來是氣候變化──氣候沖擊，天氣改變。

　　I met Constance Okollet, who had formed a women's group in Eastern Uganda, and she told me that when she was growing up, she had a very normal life in her village and they didn't go hungry, they knew that the seasons would come as they were predicted to come, they knew when to sow and they knew when to harvest, and so they had enough food. But, in recent years, at the time of this conversation, they had nothing but long periods of drought, and then flash flooding, and then more drought. The school had been destroyed, livelihoods had been destroyed, their harvest had been destroyed. She forms this women's group to try to keep her community together. And this was a reality that really struck me, because of course, Constance Okollet wasn't responsible for the greenhouse gas emissions that were causing this problem.

　　我遇見康絲坦，她在東烏干達(dá)組織了一個(gè)婦女團(tuán)體，她告訴我她成長的年代，她在村莊里過著相當(dāng)正常的生活，而且都不會挨餓，他們很確定四季會變化如常，他們知道何時(shí)播種、何時(shí)收割，所以他們有充足的食物。但是最近幾年，就是我們對談的時(shí)候，他們什么都沒有，只有長期的旱災(zāi)，及隨之而來的暴洪，然后就是更多的旱災(zāi)。學(xué)校被摧毀，生活被摧毀，他們的收獲也被摧毀。她成立了這個(gè)婦女團(tuán)體，試著不讓她的社區(qū)分崩離析。這個(gè)事實(shí)真的給我重重的一擊，因?yàn)楫?dāng)然，康絲坦無須為排放溫室氣體造成這個(gè)問題負(fù)上責(zé)任。

　　Indeed, I was very struck about the situation in Malawi in January of this year. There was an unprecedented flooding in the country, it covered about a third of the country, over 300 people were killed, and hundreds of thousands lost their livelihoods. And the average person in Malawi emits about 80 kg of CO2 a year. The average US citizen emits about 17.5 metric tons. So those who are suffering disproportionately don't drive cars, don't have electricity, don't consume very significantly, and yet they are feeling more and more the impacts of the changes in the climate, the changes that are preventing them from knowing how to grow food properly, and knowing how to look after their future. I think it was really the importance of the injustice that really struck me very forcibly.

　　真的，我對今年一月馬拉威的情況甚感驚訝。這個(gè)國家發(fā)生了一場空前的洪水，淹沒了三分之一的國土，300余人因此喪命，成千上萬人流離失所。普通馬拉威人每年排放約80公斤的二氧化碳。普通美國人的排放量則約17.5噸。所以為此受到無比痛苦的人，不開車、不用電、也不怎么消費(fèi)，然而他們卻覺得愈來愈受氣候變遷的沖擊。這樣的變遷讓他們不知道該如何適當(dāng)種植食物，該如何展望未來。我想真的是不公義的重要性強(qiáng)烈的沖擊我。

　　And I know that we're not able to address some of that injustice because we're not on course for a safe world. Governments around the world agreed at the conference in Copenhagen, and have repeated it at every conference on climate, that we have to stay below two degrees Celsius of warming above pre-Industrial standards. But we're on course for about four degrees. So we face an existential threat to the future of our planet. And that made me realize that climate change is the greatest threat to human rights in the 21st century.

　　我知道我們無法解決那些不公義，因?yàn)槲覀儧]有走向安全的世界。全世界的政府都在哥本哈根大會上同意，也在每一場氣候變遷會議上不斷看到，我們的暖化程度與工業(yè)革命前的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比，不可超過攝氏2度。我們卻朝著上升4度去。所以我們面對著地球未來的存亡關(guān)頭。這使我了解氣候變遷的確是21世紀(jì)人權(quán)最大的威脅。

　　And that brought me then to climate justice. Climate justice responds to the moral argument -- both sides of the moral argument -- to address climate change. First of all, to be on the side of those who are suffering most and are most effected. And secondly, to make sure that they're not left behind again, when we start to move and start to address climate change with climate action, as we are doing.

　　這因而引起我關(guān)注氣候正義。氣候正義能回答道德爭論──無論是氣候變遷爭論的哪一方。首先，站在最痛苦最受影響的一方。第二，我們要確保在開始行動時(shí)，開始以氣候行動對付氣候變遷時(shí)，不能再遺忘他們，就像我們現(xiàn)在所為。

　　In our very unequal world today, it's very striking how many people are left behind. In our world of 7.2 billion people, about 3 billion are left behind. 1.3 billion don't have access to electricity, and they light their homes with kerosene and candles, both of which are dangerous. And in fact they spend a lot of their tiny income on that form of lighting. 2.6 billion people cook on open fires -- on coal, wood and animal dung. And this causes about 4 million deaths a year from indoor smoke inhalation, and of course, most of those who die are women. So we have a very unequal world, and we need to change from "business as usual." And we shouldn't underestimate the scale and the transformative nature of the change which will be needed, because we have to go to zero carbon emissions by about 2050, if we're going to stay below two degrees Celsius of warming. And that means we have to leave about two-thirds of the known resources of fossil fuels in the ground.

　　今天在這個(gè)非常不平等的世界，你會很驚訝有多少人被遺忘了。世界72億人口中，有30億人被遺忘。13億人沒有電可用，他們以煤油及蠟燭點(diǎn)亮房屋，這兩者都很危險(xiǎn)。事實(shí)上他們大部分的收入，都花在這種照明方式上。26億人以露天爐灶煮飯，燒煤、木頭或動物糞便。這造成每年四百萬人口死亡，因?yàn)槲胧覂?nèi)煙霧，當(dāng)然，大部分的死者是婦女。所以我們有個(gè)非常不平等的世界，我們必須改變「一切如?！沟南敕?。我們不應(yīng)該低估我們所需的改變規(guī)模及其轉(zhuǎn)變能力。因?yàn)槲覀兊奶寂欧帕勘仨氃?050年達(dá)到零，才能讓暖化程度如預(yù)期保持低于攝氏2度。那意味著我們必須停止開采大約三分之二的已知資源，即化石燃料。

　　It's a very big change, and it means that obviously, industrialized countries must cut their emissions, must become much more energy-efficient, and must move as quickly as possible to renewable energy. For developing countries and emerging economies, the problem and the challenge is to grow without emissions, because they must develop; they have very poor populations. So they must develop without emissions, and that is a different kind of problem. Indeed, no country in the world has actually grown without emissions. All the countries have developed with fossil fuels, and then may be moving to renewable energy. So it is a very big challenge, and it requires the total support of the international community, with the necessary finance and technology, and systems and support, because no country can make itself safe from the dangers of climate change. This is an issue that requires complete human solidarity. Human solidarity, if you like, based on self-interest -- because we are all in this together, and we have to work together to ensure that we reach zero carbon by 2050.

　　這是很大的改變。而且這意味著，顯然工業(yè)化國家必須減少排放量，必須變得更加節(jié)能，必須盡快發(fā)展使用再生能源。對開發(fā)中國家及新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體而言，問題及挑戰(zhàn)在于零排放成長，因?yàn)樗麄儽仨氶_發(fā)，他們的居民非常貧窮。所以他們必須開發(fā)，又要零排放，這是不同類型的問題。確實(shí)，世界上沒有任何一個(gè)國家可以做到零排放成長。所有國家的開發(fā)都靠化石燃料，然后或許能轉(zhuǎn)變成依靠再生能源。所以這是非常大的挑戰(zhàn)，這需要國際社會全面支持，提供必要的資金和技術(shù)，系統(tǒng)及支援，因?yàn)闆]有一個(gè)國家能在氣候變遷的危險(xiǎn)下自掃門前雪。這個(gè)議題需要人類全面團(tuán)結(jié)。人類團(tuán)結(jié)，你也可以說是基于自我利益，因?yàn)槲覀兺谝凰掖?，我們必須合作以確保我們在2050年達(dá)到零碳排放量。

　　The good news is that change is happening, and it's happening very fast. Here in California, there's a very ambitious emissions target to cut emissions. In Hawaii, they're passing legislation to have 100 percent renewable energy by 2045. And governments are very ambitious around the world. In Costa Rica, they have committed to being carbon-neutral by 2021. In Ethiopia, the commitment is to be carbon-neutral by 2027. Apple have pledged that their factories in China will use renewable energy. And there is a race on at the moment to convert electricity from tidal and wave power, in order that we can leave the coal in the ground. And that change is both welcome and is happening very rapidly. But it's still not enough, and the political will is still not enough.

　　好消息是改變已經(jīng)開始，而且發(fā)展得很快。在加州這里，設(shè)定非常遠(yuǎn)大的目標(biāo)，以減少溫室氣體排放。在夏威夷，他們剛剛通過立法，要在2045年達(dá)到百分之百的再生能源。全世界的政府也抱著雄心壯志。哥斯達(dá)黎加承諾要在2021年做到碳中和。衣索匹亞承諾要在2027年達(dá)到碳中和。蘋果公司誓言要讓在中國的工廠使用再生能源。目前也有一場競賽，要從潮汐能發(fā)電，如此我們才能停止開采煤炭。這樣的改變既受歡迎也發(fā)展快速。但這還不夠，而且光有政治決心還是不夠。

　　Let me come back to President Tong and his people in Kiribati. They actually could be able to live on their island and have a solution, but it would take a lot of political will. President Tong told me about his ambitious idea to either build up or even float the little islands where his people live. This, of course, is beyond the resources of Kiribati itself. It would require great solidarity and support from other countries, and it would require the kind of imaginative idea that we bring together when we want to have a space station in the air. But wouldn't it be wonderful to have this engineering wonder and to allow a people to remain in their sovereign territory, and be part of the community of nations? That is the kind of idea that we should be thinking about. Yes, the challenges of the transformation we need are big, but they can be solved. We are actually, as a people, very capable of coming together to solve problems.

　　讓我再回頭談?wù)劀偨y(tǒng)及吉里巴斯的人民。他們還是可以在他們的島上生活，而且有解決方案，但是這要下很大的政治決心。湯總統(tǒng)告訴我他的雄心壯志，要把民眾住的小島加高，甚至讓?shí)u漂起來。想當(dāng)然爾，這絕非吉里巴斯憑一國之力就能做到。這需要其他國家的大團(tuán)結(jié)及支援，這也需要那種富有想象力的構(gòu)想，如同我們想在空中建造太空站時(shí)的集思廣義。但這不是很棒嗎?創(chuàng)造這種工程奇景，讓一個(gè)國家的人民能留在他們獨(dú)立自主的領(lǐng)土上，并成為國際社會的一部分?這才是我們應(yīng)該思索的計(jì)劃。的確，我們所需的變革挑戰(zhàn)很大。但是我們可以克服這樣的挑戰(zhàn)。我們身為人，其實(shí)很有能力一同解決問題。

　　I was very conscious of this as I took part this year in commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the end of the Second World War in 1945. 1945 was an extraordinary year. It was a year when the world faced what must have seemed almost insoluble problems -- the devastation of the world wars, particularly the Second World War; the fragile peace that had been brought about; the need for a whole economic regeneration. But the leaders of that time didn't flinch from this. They had the capacity, they had a sense of being driven by never again must the world have this kind of problem. And they had to build structures for peace and security. And what did we get? What did they achieve? The Charter of the United Nations, the Bretton Woods institutions, as they're called, The World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund. A Marshall Plan for Europe, a devastated Europe, to reconstruct it. And indeed a few years later, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

　　我對此非常清楚，因?yàn)槲医衲陞⒓恿?945年二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束70周年紀(jì)念。1945年是非常不平凡的一年。那年，全世界面對了幾項(xiàng)看似幾乎無法解決的問題──兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的蹂躪，尤其是二次世界大戰(zhàn);隨之而來不穩(wěn)固的和平;整體經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)興的需求。但是當(dāng)時(shí)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人并不因此而退縮。他們有能力，他們的動力來自于絕不容許世界再發(fā)生相同的問題。他們必須為和平及安全建立架構(gòu)。我們因此得到什么?他們完成了什么?聯(lián)合國憲章，及一般說的布雷頓森林協(xié)定，世界銀行，國際貨幣基金。歐洲的馬歇爾計(jì)劃，滿目瘡痍的歐洲，他們要重建此地。甚至在數(shù)年之后，還有世界人權(quán)宣言。

　　2015 is a year that is similar in its importance to 1945, with similar challenges and similar potential. There will be two big summits this year: the first one, in September in New York, is the summit for the sustainable development goals. And then the summit in Paris in December, to give us a climate agreement. The sustainable development goals are intended to help countries to live sustainably, in tune with Mother Earth, not to take out of Mother Earth and destroy ecosystems, but rather, to live in harmony with Mother Earth, by living under sustainable development. And the sustainable development goals will come into operation for all countries on January 1, 2016. The climate agreement -- a binding climate agreement -- is needed because of the scientific evidence that we're on a trajectory for about a four-degree world and we have to change course to stay below two degrees. So we need to take steps that will be monitored and reviewed, so that we can keep increasing the ambition of how we cut emissions, and how we move more rapidly to renewable energy, so that we have a safe world.

　　2015年的重要性與1945年情況類似，有類似的挑戰(zhàn)也有類似的潛力。今年會有兩大高峰會，第一個(gè)會于九月在紐約舉行，是永續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)高峰會。然后十二月在巴黎的高峰會要給世人一份氣候協(xié)議。永續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)是為了幫助各國永續(xù)生存，與孕育萬物的大地融合，不要忽略大地，摧毀生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，而是藉由永續(xù)發(fā)展與大地和平共存。永續(xù)發(fā)展目標(biāo)會在全球所有國家于2016年元旦開始實(shí)施。氣候協(xié)議──具有約束力的氣候協(xié)議是必要的，因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)證據(jù)顯示地球目前的趨勢為上升4度，我們必須改變方向以維持低于2度。所以我們必須采取能受監(jiān)測及審查的步驟，才能不斷增強(qiáng)野心，找出減少溫室氣體排放及加速以再生能源取代的方法，讓我們有一個(gè)安全的世界。

　　The reality is that this issue is much too important to be left to politicians and to the United Nations.

　　現(xiàn)實(shí)情況是這個(gè)問題太重要了，不能留給政治人物及聯(lián)合國處理。

　　(Laughter)

　　(笑聲)

　　It's an issue for all of us, and it's an issue where we need more and more momentum. Indeed, the face of the environmentalist has changed, because of the justice dimension. It's now an issue for faith-based organizations, under very good leadership from Pope Francis, and indeed, the Church of England, which is divesting from fossil fuels. It's an issue for the business community, and the good news is that the business community is changing very rapidly -- except for the fossil fuel industries --

　　這是我們所有人的問題，而且這個(gè)問題需要愈來愈強(qiáng)的動力。的確，環(huán)保人士的陣容已經(jīng)有所改變，改變來自于正義的重要性?，F(xiàn)在這是宗教組織的問題了，教宗方濟(jì)各在這方面領(lǐng)導(dǎo)有方;當(dāng)然還有英國國教會，他們拋售化石燃料資產(chǎn)。這也是商業(yè)界的問題，好消息是商業(yè)界的改變也非?？焖伲剂袭a(chǎn)業(yè)除外。

　　(Laughter)

　　(笑聲)

　　Even they are beginning to slightly change their language -- but only slightly. But business is not only moving rapidly to the benefits of renewable energy, but is urging politicians to give them more signals, so that they can move even more rapidly. It's an issue for the trade union movement. It's an issue for the women's movement. It's an issue for young people.

　　即使是他們也開始稍微改變語氣，不過只有一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)。企業(yè)不但快速行動利用再生能源，也促使政治人物能給他們更多信號，讓他們能加快腳步。這是工會運(yùn)動的問題。這是婦女運(yùn)動的問題。這是年輕人的問題。

　　I was very struck when I learned that Jibreel Khazan, one of the Greensboro Four who had taken part in the Woolworth sit-ins, said quite recently that climate change is the lunch counter moment for young people. So, lunch counter moment for young people of the 21st century -- the sort of real human rights issue of the 21st century, because he said it is the greatest challenge to humanity and justice in our world.

　　我非常驚訝，在我知道美國種族平權(quán)人士吉卜利·勒坎珊──他為「格林斯伯勒四」一員，曾參與伍爾沃斯公司靜坐抗議事件──最近才指出，氣候變遷是年輕人的民權(quán)運(yùn)動。所以，21世紀(jì)年輕人的民權(quán)運(yùn)動──21世紀(jì)真正的人權(quán)問題，因?yàn)樗f這是對全世界人類及正義最大的挑戰(zhàn)。

　　I recall very much the Climate March last September, and that was a huge momentum, not just in New York, but all around the world. and we have to build on that. I was marching with some of The Elders family, and I saw a placard a little bit away from me, but we were wedged so closely together -- because after all, there were 400,000 people out in the streets of New York -- so I couldn't quite get to that placard, I would have just liked to have been able to step behind it, because it said, "Angry Grannies!"

　　我還記得很清楚，去年九月在紐約舉行的氣候變遷大游行，氣勢浩大，不只在紐約，全世界都是如此，我們必須乘勢而行。我跟曼德拉開創(chuàng)的「世界長老」幾位成員一起走，然后我看到一張抗議牌，離我不太遠(yuǎn)，但是我們被擠得很靠近，因?yàn)楫吘褂兴氖f人聚集在紐約街頭上，所以我無法靠近那面牌子，要不然我真的很想站在那塊牌子后面，因?yàn)樯厦鎸懼荷鷼獾哪棠?

　　(Laughter)

　　(笑聲)

　　That's what I felt. And I have five grandchildren now, I feel very happy as an Irish grandmother to have five grandchildren, and I think about their world, and what it will be like when they will share that world with about 9 billion other people in 2050. We know that inevitably it will be a climate-constrained world, because of the emissions we've already put up there, but it could be a world that is much more equal and much fairer, and much better for health, and better for jobs and better for energy security, than the world we have now, if we have switched sufficiently and early enough to renewable energy, and no one is left behind. No one is left behind.

　　那就是我的感受。我現(xiàn)在有五個(gè)孫子。我身為愛爾蘭祖母很開心自己有五個(gè)孫子，然后我思索著他們的世界，到時(shí)會是什么樣子呢?當(dāng)他們在2050年與九十億人一起同享這個(gè)世界是什么樣子?我們知道無可避免那將是受到氣候限制的世界，受制于我們排放的溫室效應(yīng)氣體;但是那也可能是一個(gè)更平等更公平的世界，更有利于健康、就業(yè)環(huán)境、能源安全的世界，比我們現(xiàn)有的還要好，只要我們能充分、及早改變?yōu)槭褂迷偕茉矗⑶也辉龠z忘任何人，不再遺忘任何人。

　　And just as we've been looking back this year -- in 2015 to 1945, looking back 70 years -- I would like to think that they will look back, that world will look back 35 years from 2050, 35 years to 2015, and that they will say, "Weren't they good to do what they did in 2015? We really appreciate that they took the decisions that made a difference, and that put the world on the right pathway, and we benefit now from that pathway," that they will feel that somehow we took our responsibilities, we did what was done in 1945 in similar terms, we didn't miss the opportunity, we lived up to our responsibilities. That's what this year is about.

　　正如我們從今年回首當(dāng)年──從2015年看1945年，回顧七十個(gè)年頭──我想他們也會回頭看，2050年的世界也會回顧35年前，35年前的2015年，他們會說：「他們在2015年做的不是很好嗎?我們真的很感謝他們下定決心要扭轉(zhuǎn)情勢，讓這個(gè)世界走在正確的路上，所以我們今天才能受惠。」他們會覺得我們或多或少負(fù)起了責(zé)任，我們與1945年的人一樣做了類似的事，我們沒有錯失機(jī)會，我們堅(jiān)守了該負(fù)的責(zé)任。這就是今年的使命。

　　And somehow for me, it's captured in words of somebody that I admired very much. She was a mentor of mine, she was a friend, she died much too young, she was an extraordinary personality, a great champion of the environment: Wangari Maathai. Wangari said once, "In the course of history, there comes a time when humanity is called upon to shift to a new level of consciousness, to reach a higher moral ground." And that's what we have to do. We have to reach a new level of consciousness, a higher moral ground. And we have to do it this year in those two big summits. And that won't happen unless we have the momentum from people around the world who say: "We want action now, we want to change course, we want a safe world, a safe world for future generations, a safe world for our children and our grandchildren, and we're all in this together."

　　我總覺得對我而言，我非常欽佩的人說過一句話最能捕捉我的感覺。她是我的精神導(dǎo)師，也是個(gè)朋友。她死得太早，她有超凡的個(gè)性，是環(huán)境的偉大斗士：旺加里·馬塔伊。旺加里曾說：「在漫漫歷史中，總有一段時(shí)間，人類被要求轉(zhuǎn)變到新的意識狀態(tài)，以達(dá)到更高的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)?！鼓钦俏覀冊撟龅?。我們必須達(dá)到新的意識狀態(tài)，更高的道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。我們必須在今年兩大高峰會中做到這點(diǎn)。這不會實(shí)現(xiàn)，除非我們從全世界人民得到動力，大家發(fā)聲說：「我們現(xiàn)在就要采取行動，我們現(xiàn)在就要改變趨勢，我們要一個(gè)安全的世界，留給后人一個(gè)安全的世界，留給子孫一個(gè)安全的世界，我們要為此同心協(xié)力。」

　　Thank you.

　　謝謝。

　　(Applause)

　　(掌聲)