https://online2.tingclass.net/lesson/shi0529/0008/8546/money10.mp3
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《金融世界》第十講
Boom and Bust
市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的興衰,一如白晝之后是黑夜。澳大利亞的歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)說(shuō)明,每一次經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮之后,隨之而來(lái)的必然是衰退。其他國(guó)家也不例外。
在今天的節(jié)目中,我們就跟您談?wù)勈袌?chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮與蕭條,英文是: Boom and Bust.
boom 繁榮
bust 蕭條
Boom and Bust
您現(xiàn)在聽(tīng)到的是澳大利亞墨爾本房地產(chǎn)拍賣的情景。房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格的高低,一直是經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮或衰退的晴雨表。
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家早就指出,經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮與蕭條一如潮漲潮落晝夜交替一樣自然,澳大利亞就一再經(jīng)歷過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮與衰退的周期循環(huán)。
美國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家明斯基解釋了經(jīng)濟(jì)循環(huán)發(fā)展的規(guī)律。他指出,經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)發(fā)展時(shí),由于多余資金流入市場(chǎng),或銀行數(shù)量增多,銀行為market share 也就是占有市場(chǎng)的份額競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈,突然之間市場(chǎng)借貸活動(dòng)大量增加,利率降低,銀行貸款競(jìng)爭(zhēng)加劇,推動(dòng)房地產(chǎn)價(jià)格猛漲,形成一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)信號(hào)。
接著是購(gòu)房人行為改變,投機(jī)者 speculators 取代傳統(tǒng)投資人,大舉借貸購(gòu)買資產(chǎn),期望物業(yè)短期升值轉(zhuǎn)手盈利。人為的炒作使資產(chǎn)價(jià)格遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)本身的價(jià)值。一旦銀行融資減少,利率上升,房地產(chǎn)和其他資產(chǎn)價(jià)格開(kāi)始下滑,就會(huì)出現(xiàn) asset deflation,資產(chǎn)虧損。大筆舉債購(gòu)買資產(chǎn)的人希望破滅,又紛紛拋售,甚至血本無(wú)歸,宣布破產(chǎn)。銀行貸款無(wú)法收回,造成大量壞賬。經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速進(jìn)入低潮。僅僅在一九八十年代的蕭條中,澳大利亞銀行就被迫注銷了高達(dá)兩百億澳元的壞賬。
歷史的教訓(xùn)使人們對(duì)銀行業(yè)之間有過(guò)多的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)是否對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有益提出了疑問(wèn)。澳大利亞金融評(píng)論報(bào)的塞克斯指出:
It becomes evident that wide open competition in the banking sector does not yield benign results.The temptation always is to retain market share, to go for the highest profit, that is to lend money to the people who are prepared to pay the most for it, and also prepared to pay the highest fees for it, and these will nomp3ally be your worst credit risks. In boom times if credit goes out of the window and there is nothing to stop it because the banks are actually competing against each other on evaluating credit worthiness of clients and loosening up the evaluations, then you're going to get a crash of similar proportions again.
塞克斯在他的談話中提到這樣一些詞組:
1 retain market share 保持市場(chǎng)占有量或市場(chǎng)份額
2 credit risks 信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
3 evaluating credit worthiness of clients 評(píng)估客戶的信貸價(jià)值或信用聲譽(yù)
下面我們聽(tīng)一遍金融評(píng)論報(bào)撰稿人塞克斯講話的中文翻譯。
塞克斯說(shuō),很顯然銀行業(yè)廣泛的公開(kāi)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)不會(huì)有好的結(jié)果。銀行受到的誘惑總是要保持占有市場(chǎng)的份額,追求最高利潤(rùn),也就是要貸款給愿意支付最高利率同時(shí)愿意繳付最高費(fèi)用的人。而這些人通常恰恰是最有信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的人。在經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮時(shí)期,如果貸款無(wú)法收回,也沒(méi)有辦法阻止它發(fā)生。因?yàn)楦骷毅y行在對(duì)客戶進(jìn)行信貸價(jià)值評(píng)估時(shí)互相競(jìng)爭(zhēng),從而放松評(píng)估的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這樣,銀行占有了多少市場(chǎng)份額,就會(huì)受到多大的打擊。
下面我們?cè)俾?tīng)一遍塞克斯講話的原文。(略)
Booms and busts,經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮與蕭條幾百年來(lái)一直以一成不變的規(guī)律循環(huán)交替。澳大利亞悉尼市一位資深股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人里夫金對(duì)投資者的行為有深刻的觀察。他說(shuō):
One of the greatest lessons that I've learnt from having studied booms for three hundred odd years, the number one rule is that all booms must bust. The larger the boom the larger the bust, the smaller the boom the smaller the bust. There's no exception to that. So that all you have to do is to identify whether you're in a boom in any investment market and then you know it will bust.
The other adage that I absolutely abide by is that you buy shares or assets, propety in doom or gloom, and you sell it in boom. Whereas of course most people do the very opposite, most people buy stocks or property when it's booming, and sell when there's gloom around.
里夫金說(shuō),我研究三百多年經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮歷史的最深刻認(rèn)識(shí)就是所有的繁榮都會(huì)變?yōu)槭挆l。越繁榮,蕭條就會(huì)越嚴(yán)重,無(wú)一例外。所以必須要確定你所涉及的投資領(lǐng)域是否處于繁榮期,這樣你就會(huì)知道它是否將進(jìn)入蕭條。
我完全信奉的另一條格言是要在經(jīng)濟(jì)低靡或處于黑暗時(shí)期購(gòu)買股票或其他資產(chǎn)以及房地產(chǎn),在繁榮時(shí)期出售。但是大多數(shù)人卻恰恰相反,在繁榮期購(gòu)買股票或地產(chǎn),在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退時(shí)再出售。
下面我們?cè)俾?tīng)一遍悉尼股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人里夫金談話的原文。(略)
在這一講的最后,我們?cè)俾?tīng)一遍今天學(xué)到的一些英文詞匯:
1 boom (經(jīng)濟(jì)的)繁榮
2 bust(經(jīng)濟(jì)的)蕭條
3 market share 市場(chǎng)占有量,市場(chǎng)份額
4 speculators 投機(jī)者
5 asset deflation 資產(chǎn)虧損
6 credit risks 信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
7 evaluating credit worthiness of clients 評(píng)估客戶信貸價(jià)值或信用聲譽(yù)。
在這一講的最后,我們?cè)俾?tīng)一遍澳大利亞悉尼一位有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的股票經(jīng)紀(jì)人里夫金對(duì)繁榮與蕭條的看法。(略)
這一講金融世界節(jié)目到這里就結(jié)束了,謝謝您的收聽(tīng)。