A Long March-4C rocket carrying a relay satellite, named Queqiao, is launched at 5:28 am Beijing Time from Southwest China's Xichang Satellite Launch Center, May 21, 2018.[Photo/Xinhua]
China launched a relay satellite early Monday to set up a communication link between Earth and the planned Chang'e-4 lunar probe that will explore the mysterious far side of Moon, which can not be seen from Earth.
中國于21日凌晨發(fā)射中繼衛(wèi)星,將為將來實施的嫦娥四號月球背面軟著陸探測任務提供地月間的中繼通信。
The satellite, named Queqiao (Magpie Bridge), was carried by a Long March-4C rocket that blasted off at 5:28 a.m. from southwest China's Xichang Satellite Launch Center, according to the China National Space Administration (CNSA).
據(jù)中國國家航天局消息,這顆衛(wèi)星名為鵲橋,由長征四號丙運載火箭于5時28分在西昌衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心發(fā)射升空。
這是世界首顆運行于地月拉格朗日L2點(簡稱地月L2點)的通信衛(wèi)星,將為2018年底擇機實施的嫦娥四號月球背面軟著陸探測任務提供地月間的中繼通信。
"The launch is a key step for China to realize its goal of being the first country to send a probe to soft-land on and rove the far side of the Moon," said Zhang Lihua, manager of the relay satellite project.
中國航天科技集團有限公司五院“鵲橋”號中繼星項目經(jīng)理張立華說,“鵲橋的發(fā)射是中國成為首個實現(xiàn)探測器月球背面軟著陸和巡視勘察的國家的關鍵一步。”
長征四號丙運載火箭飛行25分鐘后,星箭分離,將“鵲橋”直接送入近地點高度200公里,遠地點高度40萬公里的預定地月轉移軌道,衛(wèi)星太陽翼和中繼通信天線相繼展開正常。
About 25 minutes after liftoff, the satellite separated from the rocket and entered an Earth-Moon transfer orbit with the perigee at 200 km and the apogee at about 400,000 km. The solar panels and the communication antennas were unfolded.
perigee ['perid?i:]:近地點
apogee ['æp?d?i]:遠地點
后續(xù),“鵲橋”將經(jīng)中途修正、近月制動和月球借力,進入月球至地月L2點的轉移軌道,通過3次捕獲控制和修正后,最終進入環(huán)繞地月L2點的使命軌道,地月L2點是衛(wèi)星相對于地球和月球基本保持靜止的一個空間點。
Queqiao is expected to enter a halo orbit around the second Lagrangian (L2) point of the Earth-Moon system, about 455,000 km from the Earth.
It will be the world's first communication satellite operating in that orbit.
科普:地月拉格朗日L2點
the second Lagrangian [l?'grænd?i?n] (L2) point of the Earth-Moon system
拉格朗日點又稱為平動點,于1772年由法國數(shù)學家拉格朗日推算得出,是指一個小物體在兩大物體的引力作用下,小物體相對于它們基本保持靜止的空間點。
該空間點有五個,分別為L1、L2、L3、L4、L5。在拉格朗日點上,探測器消耗很少的燃料即可長期駐留。
“鵲橋”號中繼星項目經(jīng)理張立華說,“鵲橋”還攜帶了由荷蘭研制的低頻射電探測儀,未來將開展在軌科學探測試驗。
執(zhí)行此次發(fā)射任務的長征四號丙運載火箭是長征四號系列運載火箭第一次在西昌衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心承擔發(fā)射任務。這是長征系列運載火箭第275次發(fā)射。此次還搭載發(fā)射了“龍江一號”“龍江二號”兩顆月球軌道編隊超長波天文觀測微衛(wèi)星。
為什么要搭建地月“鵲橋”?
由于月球繞地球公轉的周期與月球自轉的周期相同,所以月球總有一面背對著地球,這一面稱之為月球背面。
著陸在月球背面的探測器由于受到月球自身的遮擋,無法直接實現(xiàn)與地球的測控通信和數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。
“鵲橋”號中繼星將在地月連線延長線的L2點附近,圍繞L2點飛行,實現(xiàn)對地、對月中繼通信,保障嫦娥四號任務實施,其到月球的平均距離約為6.5萬公里,距地球40多萬公里。
Chinese scientists and engineers hope the Queqiao satellite will form a communication bridge between controllers on Earth and the far side of the Moon where the Chang'e-4 lunar probe is expected to touch down later this year.
中國科學家和工程師希望“鵲橋”號中繼星能夠成為架設在月球背面與地球之間的“通信中繼站”。嫦娥四號月球背面軟著陸探測任務將在年底擇機實施。