【雙語(yǔ)】例行記者會(huì) 2018年5月18日 陸慷

喜歡口譯的同學(xué)，大多抱有一個(gè)外交官的理想，而雙語(yǔ)例行記者會(huì)上快節(jié)奏的你問(wèn)我答及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)翻譯，則給我們提供了寶貴的學(xué)習(xí)資源。下面是小編整理的關(guān)于【雙語(yǔ)】例行記者會(huì) 2018年5月18日 陸慷的資料，希望大家在這些唇槍舌劍中，提升英語(yǔ)，更熱愛(ài)祖國(guó)！

2018年5月18日外交部發(fā)言人陸慷主持例行記者會(huì)

Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Lu Kang’s Regular Press Conference on May 18, 2018

應(yīng)國(guó)務(wù)院總理李克強(qiáng)邀請(qǐng)，德意志聯(lián)邦共和國(guó)總理安格拉·默克爾將于5月24日至25日對(duì)中國(guó)進(jìn)行正式訪問(wèn)。

At the invitation of Premier Li Keqiang of the State Council, Chancellor Angela Merkel of the Federal Republic of Germany will pay an official visit to China from May 24 to 25.

 

問(wèn)：據(jù)報(bào)道，美國(guó)總統(tǒng)特朗普稱(chēng)，金正恩委員長(zhǎng)與習(xí)近平主席的第二次會(huì)晤導(dǎo)致朝鮮對(duì)半島局勢(shì)的態(tài)度發(fā)生了改變。中方對(duì)此有何評(píng)論？

Q: According to reports, US President Trump said that it might be the second meeting between Chairman Kim Jong Un and President Xi Jinping that led to the DPRK’s change of attitude on the Korean Peninsula issue. What is your comment?

 

答：我不知道你援引的是不是特朗普總統(tǒng)講話的原文。實(shí)際上，特朗普總統(tǒng)近一段時(shí)間以來(lái)就半島問(wèn)題，包括即將舉行的美朝領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)晤作過(guò)不少表態(tài)。

A: I am not sure whether you are quoting President Trump’s words as the way he said them. In fact, President Trump has been saying a lot on the Korean Peninsula issue, including on the upcoming US-DPRK summit.

 

至于中方在半島問(wèn)題上的作用，大家都非常清楚。首先，中方在半島問(wèn)題上的主張和立場(chǎng)是一貫的。不管其他各方的立場(chǎng)曾經(jīng)有過(guò)這樣或那樣的變化，中方的立場(chǎng)從來(lái)沒(méi)有變化。我們堅(jiān)持半島無(wú)核化目標(biāo)，堅(jiān)持維護(hù)半島和平與穩(wěn)定，我們同時(shí)也一直堅(jiān)持有關(guān)各方通過(guò)政治協(xié)商以和平方式解決半島問(wèn)題。

As for China’s role on this issue, I believe everyone is clear about that. First, our proposal and position on the Korean Peninsula issue remain consistent. The other parties may have changed their positions in one way or another, but China’s position has never changed. We are committed to realizing the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, maintaining peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula, and peacefully resolving the Korean Peninsula issue through political talks between all relevant parties.

 

這兩天，我們?cè)谶@里已多次介紹過(guò)，中方對(duì)最近一段時(shí)間以來(lái)半島出現(xiàn)的對(duì)話和緩和局面表示欣慰，給予鼓勵(lì)。我們主張，有關(guān)各方抓住機(jī)遇，相向而行，為鞏固半島當(dāng)前緩和局面、使問(wèn)題盡快回到通過(guò)對(duì)話解決軌道共同做出努力。

We have been reiterating over the past few days that China is pleased with the recent momentum of dialogue and détente on the Korean Peninsula, and we encourage a continuation of this momentum. We believe that all relevant parties should seize the opportunity, meet each other halfway, and make concerted efforts to consolidate the improving situation on the Korean Peninsula and bring the issue back to the track of settlement through dialogues at an early date.

 

問(wèn)：你剛才宣布了德國(guó)總理默克爾將訪華的消息。請(qǐng)問(wèn)這是默克爾總理第幾次訪華？雙方將討論什么問(wèn)題？

Q: Just now you announced German Chancellor Angela Merkel’s upcoming visit to China. How many visits has she paid to China? What topic will be discussed?

 

答：這是默克爾女士連任德國(guó)總理后首次訪華，也是她就任總理以來(lái)第11次訪華。訪問(wèn)期間，習(xí)近平主席、李克強(qiáng)總理等中方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人將同默克爾總理舉行會(huì)見(jiàn)會(huì)談，雙方將就中德、中歐關(guān)系與合作，以及共同關(guān)心的重大國(guó)際和地區(qū)問(wèn)題深入交換意見(jiàn)。據(jù)我所知，中德經(jīng)濟(jì)顧問(wèn)委員會(huì)也將舉行會(huì)議。除北京外，默克爾總理還將赴深圳訪問(wèn)。

A: This will be Chancellor Angela Merkel’s first visit to China after her reelection and her eleventh visit to China in the capacity of the German Chancellor. During the visit, President Xi Jinping, Premier Li Keqiang and other Chinese leaders will meet and hold talks with Chancellor Angela Merkel, during which they will have an in-depth exchange of views on China-Germany and China-Europe relations and cooperation as well as major international and regional issues of common interest. As far as I know, the China-Germany Economic Advisory Committee will also hold meetings. Besides Beijing, Chancellor Angela Merkel will visit Shenzhen.

 

近年來(lái)，中德關(guān)系發(fā)展良好，兩國(guó)高層交往頻繁，務(wù)實(shí)合作成果豐碩，人文交流亮點(diǎn)紛呈，雙方在國(guó)際和地區(qū)事務(wù)中的協(xié)調(diào)與合作更趨緊密。中方高度重視發(fā)展同德國(guó)的關(guān)系，我們?cè)冈诨プ鸹バ?、合作共贏的基礎(chǔ)上，推動(dòng)兩國(guó)關(guān)系和各領(lǐng)域務(wù)實(shí)合作在高水平上不斷取得新的進(jìn)展。我們相信在雙方共同努力下，默克爾總理此訪將進(jìn)一步增進(jìn)兩國(guó)政治互信，推動(dòng)兩國(guó)各領(lǐng)域合作，為中德關(guān)系在新時(shí)期取得更大發(fā)展注入新的動(dòng)力。

In recent years, China-Germany relations have been developing with a sound momentum, as evidenced by frequent high-level exchanges, fruitful practical cooperation, numerous highlights in cultural and people-to-people exchanges and closer coordination and cooperation in international and regional affairs. China highly values its relations with Germany and stands ready to elevate bilateral relations and across-the-board practical cooperation which are already operating at a high level on the basis of mutual respect, mutual benefit and win-win outcomes. We are convinced that with concerted efforts, this visit will further step up our political mutual trust, advance bilateral cooperation in various areas and inject new impetus into the growth of China-Germany relations in the new era.

 

問(wèn)：美國(guó)總統(tǒng)特朗普17日表示，不尋求朝以“利比亞模式”棄核。如朝領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人同意無(wú)核化，美愿向朝提供安全保證，朝將獲得非常強(qiáng)大的保護(hù)。還有報(bào)道說(shuō)，美國(guó)務(wù)卿蓬佩奧與朝鮮最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人金正恩會(huì)晤時(shí)曾提出，如美朝領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人會(huì)晤時(shí)朝同意實(shí)現(xiàn)全面、可驗(yàn)證、不可逆的無(wú)核化，美將考慮向朝政權(quán)提供保證，這一立場(chǎng)將列入聯(lián)合聲明。中方對(duì)此有何評(píng)論？

Q: US President Trump said on May 17 that the Libyan model isn’t what the US is looking at when seeking the DPRK’s denuclearization. If the DPRK leader agrees to denuclearize, the US would offer security guarantees and very strong protection to the DPRK. There are also reports saying that when meeting with DPRK’s Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un, US Secretary of State Pompeo said that if the DPRK agrees to complete, verifiable and irreversible denuclearization, the US would consider offering guarantee to the DPRK and including that stance in a joint statement. What is your comment?

 

答：我們注意到美方重視并愿解決朝方安全關(guān)切的有關(guān)表態(tài)，中方對(duì)此表示歡迎。

A: These statements showed that the US side takes the DPRK’s security concerns seriously and would like to address these concerns. China welcomes that.

 

我們多次說(shuō)過(guò)，半島核問(wèn)題的本質(zhì)就是安全問(wèn)題。在推進(jìn)半島無(wú)核化進(jìn)程中，要均衡解決各方關(guān)切，包括朝方正當(dāng)安全關(guān)切。這也是當(dāng)年六方會(huì)談“9·19共同聲明”不可或缺的組成部分。我們對(duì)美方能夠正視這一問(wèn)題感到欣慰，美方這一態(tài)度是正確的。

We have said many times that the Korean Peninsula nuclear issue is essentially a security issue. Amid efforts to promote the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula, the concerns of all parties, including the legitimate security concerns of the DPRK side, shall be addressed in a balanced way. This is also an integral part of the September 19 Joint Statement of the Fourth Round of the Six-Party Talks in 2005. We are pleased that the US chose to look at this issue squarely. This is a right attitude.

 

中方主張按照分階段、同步走、一攬子原則推進(jìn)半島問(wèn)題政治解決進(jìn)程。在每個(gè)階段，所有有關(guān)各方都應(yīng)承擔(dān)相對(duì)應(yīng)的責(zé)任與義務(wù)。這樣才能保證政治解決半島問(wèn)題進(jìn)程的可持續(xù)性。

China maintains that the political settlement of the Korean Peninsula issue shall be realized in phased and synchronized steps with a package plan. Each phase brings along corresponding responsibilities and obligations for all relevant parties. This could ensure the sustainability of the political settlement process of the Korean Peninsula issue.

 

中方將繼續(xù)鼓勵(lì)美朝雙方相向而行，建立互信，協(xié)商解決各自關(guān)切，共同致力于推進(jìn)半島問(wèn)題政治解決進(jìn)程。

China will continue to encourage the US and the DPRK to meet each other halfway, build mutual trust, address each other’s concerns through dialogues, and make joint efforts to advance the political settlement of the Korean Peninsula issue.

 

問(wèn)：第一，據(jù)報(bào)道，美國(guó)官員周四表示，中國(guó)在此輪中美經(jīng)貿(mào)磋商中提議增大美國(guó)商品進(jìn)口達(dá)到每年2000億美元數(shù)額，這同首輪中美經(jīng)貿(mào)磋商中美方提出的建議相似。你能否證實(shí)該消息并評(píng)論？第二，中國(guó)商務(wù)部上午發(fā)布公告，終止對(duì)原產(chǎn)于美國(guó)的進(jìn)口高粱反傾銷(xiāo)反補(bǔ)貼立案調(diào)查，有人認(rèn)為這是中國(guó)在談判中的姿態(tài)。你對(duì)此有何評(píng)論？

Q: First question, US officials said on Thursday that China proposed in this round of negotiations to reduce the US trade deficit by $200 billion a year, which is similar to what the US asked for in the first round of negotiations. Can you confirm it and comment on it? Second question, the Commerce Ministry of China announced to drop its anti-dumping and countervailing probe into US sorghum imports. Some believe that this indicates China’s posture in the current negotiations. What is your comment?

 

答：關(guān)于第一個(gè)問(wèn)題，有關(guān)傳言不實(shí)。據(jù)我了解，有關(guān)磋商還在進(jìn)行中，磋商是建設(shè)性的。

A: Regarding your first question, what you just said is a rumor and is not true. As far as I know, the relevant consultations are still in progress and are constructive.

 

關(guān)于第二個(gè)問(wèn)題，中國(guó)商務(wù)部今天上午發(fā)布的公告，包括對(duì)做出相關(guān)決定的考慮，已經(jīng)介紹得非常全面了。這是中國(guó)政府的權(quán)威說(shuō)明，其他有關(guān)各方?jīng)]必要作過(guò)多聯(lián)想和解讀。

Regarding your second question, the announcement issued by China’s Commerce Ministry this morning incorporates comprehensive details, including the considerations behind making this decision. This is an authoritative statement from the Chinese government. There is no need for other parties to make unnecessary associations and interpretations.

 

你提的實(shí)際上是中美要解決相互之間關(guān)切的問(wèn)題，我此前說(shuō)過(guò)，貿(mào)易本來(lái)就應(yīng)該是相互協(xié)商的。中美這么大的兩個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體，在這么緊密的經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系中，有一些不同意見(jiàn)、看法和問(wèn)題在所難免，磋商本來(lái)就是解決雙方關(guān)切、互諒互讓的過(guò)程。

The question you raised is about the fact that China and the US have to resolve their respective concerns. I said earlier that trade should be conducted on the basis of consultations. China and the US are two large economies with pretty close economic and trade ties. It is inevitable for us to have some different views and opinions and come across some issues. Consultations are meant to address each other’s concerns, increase mutual understanding, and work toward compromise.

 

問(wèn)：第一，據(jù)報(bào)道，特朗普總統(tǒng)稱(chēng)，金正恩委員長(zhǎng)態(tài)度的改變可能是受到習(xí)近平主席的影響。中方對(duì)此有何回應(yīng)？第二，關(guān)于劉鶴副總理赴美進(jìn)行中美經(jīng)貿(mào)問(wèn)題磋商，特朗普總統(tǒng)稱(chēng)希望中方在能源和農(nóng)產(chǎn)品方面擴(kuò)大開(kāi)放市場(chǎng)。這是否意味著中方在此輪磋商中做出了較大讓步？

Q: First, according to reports, President Trump said that Chairman Kim Jong Un’s change of attitude may have been the result of influence by President Xi Jinping. What is China’s response to this? Second, regarding Vice Premier Liu He’s visit to the US to discuss China-US economic and trade issues, President Trump said that he hopes China will expand its market access for energy and agricultural products. Does this mean that China has made greater concessions in this round of consultations?

答：關(guān)于第一個(gè)問(wèn)題，剛才韓聯(lián)社記者已經(jīng)問(wèn)到了。中方在半島問(wèn)題上的立場(chǎng)非常清楚，我剛才已經(jīng)重申過(guò)一遍。如果說(shuō)中方發(fā)揮了什么影響和作用，那就是中方一直在積極鼓勵(lì)、勸說(shuō)所有有關(guān)各方，特別是在半島問(wèn)題上直接相關(guān)的各方能夠相向而行，努力采取一些實(shí)際措施積累互信，為重啟對(duì)話創(chuàng)造條件。我們很高興，半島最近一段時(shí)間以來(lái)終于出現(xiàn)了對(duì)話和緩和的局面。我可以告訴你的是，今后一段時(shí)間，中方還將繼續(xù)做出自己的努力，推動(dòng)有關(guān)各方鞏固對(duì)話和緩和勢(shì)頭。

A: As for the first question, the Yonhap News Agency reporter has already asked about it. China's position on the Korean Peninsula issue is very clear. I just reiterated it. In terms of any influence or role the Chinese side has exerted or played, it is that China has been actively encouraging and persuading all relevant parties, especially those directly involved in the Korean Peninsula issue, to meet each other halfway and take practical measures to accumulate mutual trust in order to create conditions for the resumption of dialogues. We are very glad that the Korean Peninsula has indeed seen a period of dialogue and relaxation. What I can tell you is that in the future, the Chinese side will continue to make its own efforts to promote dialogue and détente.

 

關(guān)于第二個(gè)問(wèn)題，我們也注意到美方，上至特朗普總統(tǒng)，下至一些官員，最近就中美正在舉行的此輪經(jīng)貿(mào)問(wèn)題磋商所發(fā)表的一些看法。實(shí)際上，我回答前面記者提問(wèn)時(shí)也說(shuō)過(guò)，磋商本身就是為了解決雙方之間的一些關(guān)切。我剛才也介紹了，據(jù)我了解，有關(guān)磋商是建設(shè)性的。我們希望通過(guò)這樣的磋商解決雙方的一些關(guān)切，使中美經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系互利共贏的本質(zhì)更好地發(fā)揮功效。

Regarding your second question, we have also noticed some opinions voiced by the US side on the current round of economic and trade consultations. Some of them came from President Trump, and some were said by US officials. Just like what I said in response to the previous reporter’s question, the consultation itself was to resolve some concerns between the parties. I also said just now that as far as I know, the relevant consultations are constructive. We hope to resolve some of the concerns of the two sides through such consultations so that we will give a better play to the nature of mutual benefit and win-win outcomes of China-US economic and trade relations.

 

問(wèn)：據(jù)報(bào)道，5月16日，美國(guó)聯(lián)邦參議員魯比歐在參院外委會(huì)聽(tīng)證會(huì)上稱(chēng)，巴拉圭可能是下一個(gè)與臺(tái)灣“斷交”的國(guó)家。日前，美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院發(fā)言人表示，多米尼加同臺(tái)灣“斷交”片面改變現(xiàn)狀，無(wú)助于維護(hù)地區(qū)穩(wěn)定。美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院官員還承認(rèn)美方曾告訴多米尼加不要同臺(tái)灣“斷交”。請(qǐng)問(wèn)中方對(duì)此有何評(píng)論？

Q: According to reports, on May 16, US Senator Marco Rubio said at a hearing of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee that Paraguay may be the next country to cut off its “diplomatic ties” with Taiwan. The spokesperson of the US State Department recently said that the Dominican Republic’s severing of its “diplomatic ties” with Taiwan unilaterally changed the status quo and was not conducive to upholding regional stability. Officials from the US State Department also admitted that the US side had told the Dominican Republic not to cut off its “diplomatic ties” with Taiwan. What is your comment

 

答：中方愿在和平共處五項(xiàng)原則和一個(gè)中國(guó)原則基礎(chǔ)上，同世界各國(guó)發(fā)展友好合作關(guān)系。去年以來(lái)，中國(guó)先后同巴拿馬、多米尼加建交。這再次充分證明，一個(gè)中國(guó)原則得到國(guó)際社會(huì)普遍認(rèn)同和支持，這是國(guó)際大義、人心所向、大勢(shì)所趨、勢(shì)不可擋。

A: China stands ready to develop friendly cooperative relations with other countries around the world on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence and the one-China principle. Since last year, China has established diplomatic ties with Panama and the Dominican Republic. It once again demonstrates that the one-China principle has been universally acknowledged and endorsed by the international community. As a principle of righteousness, it corresponds with the will of the people and the irresistible trend of the times.

 

我們對(duì)美方上述言論表示強(qiáng)烈不滿和堅(jiān)決反對(duì)。美國(guó)在1979年就同中華人民共和國(guó)建立了外交關(guān)系，并在中美三個(gè)聯(lián)合公報(bào)中承認(rèn)世界上只有一個(gè)中國(guó)，中華人民共和國(guó)政府是代表全中國(guó)的唯一合法政府。我們就不懂了，美方為何要阻撓別國(guó)承認(rèn)一個(gè)中國(guó)原則并同中華人民共和國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)關(guān)系正?；课覀兌卮倜婪姐∈匾粋€(gè)中國(guó)原則、中美三個(gè)聯(lián)合公報(bào)規(guī)定和有關(guān)承諾，不要對(duì)別的國(guó)家同中國(guó)發(fā)展關(guān)系說(shuō)三道四、指手畫(huà)腳，不要在兩岸關(guān)系問(wèn)題上干涉中國(guó)的內(nèi)政。

We are strongly dissatisfied with and firmly opposed to the above-mentioned remarks by the US side. The US established diplomatic ties with the People’s Republic of China in 1979 and acknowledged in the three China-US Joint Communiques that there is only one China in the world and that the government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government representing the whole China. So, it baffles us as to why the US side wants to prevent other countries from recognizing the one-China principle and normalizing relations with the People’s Republic of China? We urge the US side to abide by the one-China principle, honor the clauses and its commitments in the three China-US Joint Communiques, refrain from making irresponsible remarks at other countries’ decisions to develop ties with China, and stop exploiting cross-Straits relations to interfere in China’s internal affairs.

 

問(wèn)：有一個(gè)問(wèn)題請(qǐng)你澄清一下。你剛才的意思是否是中方?jīng)]有主動(dòng)向美方提出削減2000億美元貿(mào)易逆差，因?yàn)橹忻澜?jīng)貿(mào)談判仍在進(jìn)行中？中方對(duì)美方說(shuō)了什么導(dǎo)致了他們的誤解？

Q: So just to be clear. You mean that China did not offer to the US to cut deficit by 200 billion dollars because the talks are still ongoing? What did China tell the US that made them misunderstand or misconstrue this?

 

答：剛才CNN記者的問(wèn)題是美方有官員稱(chēng)中方有相關(guān)提議，我說(shuō)的是，這個(gè)傳言不實(shí)。至于中美雙方現(xiàn)在在磋商過(guò)程中互相給出什么提議，磋商本身還在進(jìn)行之中，我們無(wú)法在這里介紹具體情況，大家可以耐心等待。關(guān)于磋商本身進(jìn)展，我剛才已經(jīng)說(shuō)了，磋商是建設(shè)性的。

A: The question raised by CNN just now was about US officials claiming that China has raised the relevant proposal. I said that it is a rumor and not true. With regard to what has been proposed by the two sides during the consultations, we cannot give you any details at the moment, because the consultations are still underway. Let us wait in patience. As to how the consultations have been proceeding, I have said just now that they are constructive.

 

問(wèn)：據(jù)報(bào)道，近日，西班牙方面將兩名涉嫌電信詐騙的臺(tái)嫌犯遣返至中國(guó)大陸，臺(tái)灣外事部門(mén)對(duì)此表示強(qiáng)烈抗議，稱(chēng)大陸在西班牙法院的審理過(guò)程中“強(qiáng)力介入施壓”。你對(duì)此有何評(píng)論？

Q: According to reports, recently, the Spanish side repatriated two Taiwanese telecom fraud suspects to the mainland. The Taiwanese department in charge of its so-called foreign affairs voiced strong protest over this, claiming that the mainland “forcibly interfered in and imposed pressure on” Spain’s court trial process. What is your comment?

 

答：中方對(duì)西班牙政府本著一個(gè)中國(guó)原則處理有關(guān)涉臺(tái)問(wèn)題表示高度贊賞。我們也對(duì)中西兩國(guó)近年來(lái)隨著政治互信不斷加深、各領(lǐng)域務(wù)實(shí)合作穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)，在打擊犯罪、聯(lián)合執(zhí)法方面合作取得越來(lái)越多的豐碩成果感到高興。

A: China highly appreciates the Spanish government’s adherence to the one-China principle when handling the Taiwan-related issues. We are pleased to see that with the deepening of political mutual trust and solid progress in practical cooperation between China and Spain, more fruitful outcomes have been achieved in cooperation on combating crimes and conducting joint law enforcement operations.

 

至于島內(nèi)有關(guān)方面的一些評(píng)論，這就是中國(guó)內(nèi)部事務(wù)了，建議你詢(xún)問(wèn)中方主管部門(mén)國(guó)臺(tái)辦。

As to some comments made by certain people in Taiwan, it falls within China’s internal affairs and I would refer you to the competent authority, namely, the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council.

 

問(wèn)：據(jù)報(bào)道，17日，尼泊爾共產(chǎn)黨（聯(lián)合馬列）和尼泊爾共產(chǎn)黨（毛主義中心）正式合并成為新的尼泊爾共產(chǎn)黨。中方對(duì)此有何評(píng)論？

Q: According to reports, on May 17, the Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist-Leninist) and the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist Center) merged to form the new Nepal Communist Party. What is your comment?

 

答：作為尼泊爾的好鄰居、好朋友，中方支持尼泊爾自主選擇適合本國(guó)國(guó)情的社會(huì)制度和發(fā)展道路，對(duì)尼兩黨合并表示歡迎，祝愿尼泊爾早日實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家發(fā)展目標(biāo)。中方愿繼續(xù)同尼方深化互利合作，更好造福兩國(guó)人民。

A: As a good neighbor and good friend to Nepal, China supports Nepal in independently choosing the social system and development path that suit its national conditions. We welcome the merger of the two parties and hope that Nepal can achieve its national development goals at an early date. China stands ready to deepen mutually beneficial cooperation with Nepal to deliver greater benefits to our two countries and two peoples.