托福閱讀高難度文章長難句實例解析：導管和堅硬的物質(zhì)木質(zhì)素

　　These include conducting vessels that transport water and minerals upward from the roots and that move the photosynthetic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant body and the stiffening substance lignin, which support the plant body, helping it expose maximum surface area to sunlight.

　　詞匯講解：

　　vessel /'ves(?)l/ n. 船(尤指大船)，艦;容器, 器皿;管狀結(jié)構(gòu)，血管，導管

　　photosynthetic /?f?ut?sin'θetik/ adj. 光合作用的

　　stiffen /'st?fn/vt. (使某物)變得(更加)堅硬﹑僵硬

　　lignin /'l?gn?n/n. ‘化學’木質(zhì)素

　　結(jié)構(gòu)劃分：

　　These include conducting vessels (that transport water and minerals upward from the roots) and (that move the photosynthetic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant body) and the stiffening substance lignin, (which support the plant body), (helping it expose maximum surface area to sunlight.)

　　深度分析：

　　修飾一：(that transport water and minerals upward from the roots) ，從句，修飾conducting vessels

　　中文：從根部向上運輸水與礦物質(zhì)

　　修飾二：(that move the photosynthetic products from the leaves to the rest of the plant body) ，從句，修飾conducting vessels，注意其中有個from to的介詞短語，從葉子到植物體的其余部分

　　中文：從葉子向植物體內(nèi)其余各部分運輸光合作用產(chǎn)物

　　修飾三：(which support the plant body) ，從句，修飾substance lignin

　　中文：維持植物體的生命

　　修飾四：(helping it expose maximum surface area to sunlight.) ，非謂語動詞

　　中文：有助于植物體大部分表面暴露于陽光之下

　　參考翻譯：

　　這些包括導管(用來從根部向上運輸水與礦物質(zhì)以及從葉子向植物體其余各部分運輸光合作用產(chǎn)物)和堅硬的物質(zhì)木質(zhì)素(用來維持植物體的生命，有助于植物體大部分表面暴露于陽光之下)。