托福閱讀材料之Swimming With Germs

　　Everybody loves the swimming pool. But how clean is the water in the average backyard or public pool? If you trust (1)chlorine to take care of germs, you’re in for a surprise.

　　Chlorine and other (2)disinfectants do indeed help to clean the water, but some germs can survive in even the best-kept pool. For example, (3)cryptosporidium may live in pool water for several days. Crypto causes a (4)diarrheal illness and may (5)rinse off the bodies of infected people or (6)diapered children into the pool. If you swallow infected pool water, you may become sick.

　　Other germs may live for a few minutes or a few hours in a chlorinated pool: Giardia(鞭毛蟲), Shigella(志賀氏菌), and E. Coli(大腸桿菌) may cause diarrheal illnesses. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa(綠膿桿菌) may cause an ear infection called swimmer’s ear and also a skin infection called “hot tub rash(熱浴池皮疹),” that is usually associated with very warm pools and spas.

　　While keeping the correct chlorine and ph levels will minimize (7)water-borne illness, prevention is also a good idea. Keep diapered children in the water for only brief periods and keep sick people out of the water altogether. And, don’t ever swallow pool water.

　　譯文：

　　和細(xì)菌游泳

　　每個(gè)人都喜歡游泳池。但是在一般的后院和游泳池的水有多清潔呢?如果你相信氯可以制服細(xì)菌，那么接下來(lái)的就會(huì)讓你驚奇。

　　氯和其它的消毒劑的確有助于清潔水，但是一些細(xì)菌在保護(hù)很好的水池里仍然可以存活。列如：隱孢子蟲可能在池水中生活很多天。隱孢子蟲能引起腹瀉，并且會(huì)從進(jìn)入泳池的被感染病人或者帶尿布孩子的身上被沖刷下來(lái)。如果你吞下被感染的池水，也會(huì)生病。

　　其它的細(xì)菌可能在氯化池里生存幾分鐘或者幾個(gè)小時(shí)：鞭毛蟲，志賀氏菌，和大腸桿菌可能引起腹瀉。綠膿桿菌可能引起游泳性耳炎的耳朵感染以及熱浴池皮疹的皮膚感染。熱浴池皮疹通常與非常溫暖的水池和溫泉有關(guān)。

　　盡管保持正確的氯和pH值能夠減少通過(guò)水傳播的疾病，可是預(yù)防也是一個(gè)好主意。保持仍帶尿布的孩子在水中只停留短暫的時(shí)間，使病人遠(yuǎn)離水。并且永遠(yuǎn)不要吞下池水。

　　Notes:

　　(1)chlorine ['kl :ri:n] n.氯

　　(2)disinfectants n.消毒劑;消毒水;消毒樂(lè)

　　(3)cryptosporidium [,kript u'sp ridi m] n.隱孢子蟲

　　(4)diarrheal [,dai 'ri:ik] adj.腹瀉的

　　An increase in diarrheal illness in New York City followed a massive power outage in 2003.

　　2003年紐約市大規(guī)模供電中斷，造成了當(dāng)?shù)馗篂a病癥的大量增加。

　　(5)rinse [rins] vt.漱;沖洗掉;漂凈 n.沖洗;漂洗;染發(fā)劑;染發(fā) vi.沖洗掉;漂凈

　　She rinsed her hands quickly before eating.

　　她吃東西以前很快洗了一下手。

　　(6)diaper ['dai p ] n.尿布 vt.給孩子換尿布

　　cloth diapered two kids and LOVED every minute of it.

　　我的兩個(gè)小孩都使用尿布，而且非常喜歡。

　　(7)water-borne adj.水傳播的;由水浮起的;水運(yùn)的;飲水傳染的

　　It tells the research and use of water-borne alkyd resin coatings and points out its prospects in vehicle and architecture fields.

　　醇酸樹(shù)脂水性化的研究及在車輛建筑領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用，指出水性醇酸樹(shù)脂涂料的發(fā)展前景。