【托福聽力】如何利用“問答原則”定位重點(diǎn)信息？

　　無論在對(duì)話中，還是講座中。提問和回答的過程都是解決托福聽力材料中主旨問題的明確以及更進(jìn)一步的解決，是對(duì)主線內(nèi)容的更加深化，因此不管是學(xué)生提問，教授回答，還是教授的自問自答，甚至教授提問，學(xué)生回答，都是我們托福聽力的重要出題點(diǎn)。因此，在聽材料過程中，需要我們對(duì)問答部分格外敏感，需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注。

　　下面，我們用大家練托福聽力的練習(xí)題備考資料為大家具體說明如何利用“問答原則”定位重點(diǎn)信息。

　　例1：

　　練習(xí)題7 L3中，學(xué)生提問，Stu: I know people make utensils out of wood, but utensils out of tree bark? 我知道人們使用木頭制作器具，他們使用樹皮制作器具嗎?

　　Pro: Well, birch bark is pliable and very easy to bend. The Native Americans would cut the bark and fold it into any shape they needed, then secure it with cords until it dried. They could fold the bark into many shapes. 樺樹皮柔韌性強(qiáng)，易于彎曲。美洲原住民經(jīng)常切斷樹皮，并把它們折成需要的形狀，然后用繩子固定，直到干燥。他們能把樹皮做成各種形狀。

　　教授通過回答學(xué)生的問題，點(diǎn)出了白樺樹樹皮的一個(gè)重要特點(diǎn)，易于彎曲，人們可以將樹皮折成各種形狀。對(duì)應(yīng)了我們題目中的第2題，一道多選細(xì)節(jié)題的“易于彎曲”這一答案。

　　According to the professor, what characteristic of birth bark made it useful to Native Americans?

　　Click on 2 answers

　　l It repels water

　　l It can be eaten

　　l It is easy to fold

　　l It has a rough texture

　　例2：

　　學(xué)生和教授繼續(xù)就樺樹皮的作用進(jìn)行探討，說到了樺樹皮最重要的作用就是制作木舟，那么木舟又對(duì)美洲本土人的生活有什么影響?教授提到，Well like I said, the northeastern region is interconnected by rivers and streams and the ocean at the coast. The canoes allow them to travel over a vast area that today would take a few hours to fly over. You see, the Native Americans made canoes of all types, for travel on small streams or on large open ocean waters. For small streams, they made narrow, maneuverable boats, while，larger canoes were needed for the ocean. They could travel throughout the area only occasionally having to portage, to carry the canoe over a land short distance to another nearby stream. And since the canoes were so light, this wasn't a difficult task.木舟使得美洲土著人能夠穿越大面積區(qū)域，區(qū)域大到即使今天坐飛機(jī)也得幾個(gè)小時(shí)才能到。教授解釋之后，隨即提問Now how do you think this affected their lives?現(xiàn)在你們想想這會(huì)怎樣影響他們的生活?

　　學(xué)生回答：Well if they could travel so easily over such a large area, they could trade with people from other areas which I guess would lead them to form alliances? 如果他們能夠很輕易航行這么廣闊的區(qū)域，那么就可以和其他區(qū)域的人們進(jìn)行貿(mào)易往來，最終形成聯(lián)盟吧?

　　教授再次回答道：Exactly.確實(shí)如此。

　　通過教授和學(xué)生的連續(xù)問答，我們看到他們說出了木舟對(duì)于土著人重要的一個(gè)原因，就是能夠幫助他們與其他部落結(jié)成聯(lián)盟，也對(duì)應(yīng)了我們的下一道細(xì)節(jié)多選題，其中的答案D：

　　According to the professor, why was the canoe important to some Native American groups?

　　Click on 2 answers

　　l There was a network of waterways where they lived

　　l Snowy winters made land travel too difficult

　　l Some Native American groups sold their canoes to other groups

　　l Canoe travel helped form relationship between groups of Native Americans

　　通過對(duì)練習(xí)題的分析，我們看到只要托福聽力中出現(xiàn)問答的地方，都是出題的密集區(qū)，因此，問答原則告訴我們，在考試過程中，著重聽問答，記筆記時(shí)，記問答部分，相信這一原則會(huì)讓我們考出托福聽力好成績，更加事半功倍。

　　相信通過上面對(duì)于托福聽力材料中問答的介紹大家都知道出題點(diǎn)是怎樣的了，在以后練托福聽力時(shí)各位要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注一下這些地方。