托福聽力考點中的因果邏輯

原因類：

1) because …2) because of …3) due to …4) since …5) as …6) for …7) The reason is …8) That’s why …9) By reason of …10) Owing to …

結(jié)果類：

1) so …2)so that …3)therefore …4)thereby …5)hereby …6)thus …7)As a result …8)consequently …9)hence …10)accordingly …

托福聽力因果邏輯的考試特點：

無論段子還是對話，在托福聽力題目尤其是在細節(jié)題以及大部分觀點組織題中，有因果的地方永遠做考點。比如TPO 25 Conversation 1第二題：

題目：According to the woman, why was the program’s curriculum changed?

A. To attract more international students to the program

B. To reflect the growing importance of international business

C. To take advantage of the expertise of new faculty members

D. To give students a stronger background in management

分析：在對話中，男生說到：I got confused because the way, uh, they've changed the requirements, so, now I'm not sure I'll qualify to graduate next semester.

緊接著教授對這個情況進行了解釋：Well, when the business department changed the curriculum to include more courses ininternational business to, well, because of the increasing globalization of business, we madesure that students would finish to their second year, that is those who were in their third orfourth year wouldn't be affected.答題關(guān)鍵就在于因果邏輯。

在托福聽力筆記中，托福聽力因果邏輯的筆記符號：

最常見的符號也是大家在中學(xué)時代數(shù)學(xué)證明題當中最常用的兩個符號：∵與∴。另外值得說明的是，除了使用這樣的符號以外，我們還可以使用箭頭。A→B可以形象的表示A的目的是B，即A是原因，B是結(jié)果。