[高中]全新語(yǔ)法:主謂一致的原則 三、就近一致原則

三、就近一致原則

“就近一致”是指，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式取決于最靠近它的主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。

1.or，either ...or，neither ...nor，not only ...but also ...，not ...but ...連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“就近一致”原則。

Either you or he is right.要么是你對(duì)，要么是他對(duì)。（he決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式）

Neither you nor I am going there.你和我都不打算去那里。（I決定謂語(yǔ)形式）

Not you but your father is to blame.

不是你，而是你父親該受責(zé)備。（your father決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式）

Not only you but （also）he is wrong.不僅你錯(cuò)了，他也錯(cuò)了。（he決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式）

Do neither my parents nor my elder sister like running？

我爸媽和姐姐都不喜歡跑步嗎？（my parents決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式）

【比較】

①What he does or what he says doesn’t concern me.

他的行為或言談都與我無(wú)關(guān)。（or連接what從句，遵循“就近一致”原則）

②What he does and what he says don’t agree.

他言行不一。（and連接what從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）

2.there be句式中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞遵循“就近一致”原則。

There is a book and three pencils on the desk.桌上有一本書(shū)和三支鉛筆。

There are three pencils and a book on the desk.

3.“就前一致”原則

“就前一致”是指，主語(yǔ)后面接下列單詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由前面的主語(yǔ)決定。

along with as much as as well as besides but except in addition to

including like more than no less than rather than together with

Mike with his father has been to England.邁克同他的父親去過(guò)英格蘭。

Mike，like his brother，enjoys playing football.邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。

The boy，together with his parents，is visiting the museum.

這個(gè)男孩和他父母正在參觀博物館。

His parents rather than his brother are at home.在家的是他父母而不是他哥哥。

Air as well as water is matter.空氣和水都是物質(zhì)。

No one except two servants was late for the dinner.

除了兩個(gè)仆人外，沒(méi)有一個(gè)人遲來(lái)用餐。

All but one were here just now.剛才除了一個(gè)人外都來(lái)了。

Everyone else，besides myself，believes him to be innocent.

除了我自己以外，別人也都相信他是無(wú)辜的。

The father，rather than the brothers，is responsible for the loss.

損失的責(zé)任應(yīng)由父親而不是由兄弟們來(lái)承擔(dān)。

The teacher as much as the parents，is to blame.教師和家長(zhǎng)都應(yīng)受責(zé)備。