[高中]全新語(yǔ)法:倒裝 二、部分倒裝

二、部分倒裝

1.否定副詞及短語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí)用部分倒裝

（1）否定副詞

barely 幾乎不　　　 　hardly 幾乎不　　　　　little 幾乎沒(méi)有　　　never 決不

not 不　　　　　　 　nowhere 任何地方都不　 rarely 很少地

scarcely 幾乎不　　　 seldom 很少

Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.我們很少在早晨四點(diǎn)起床。

Never shall I forgive him.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)寬恕他。

Nowhere was the missing key to be found.什么地方都找不到那把掉了的鑰匙。

Little does he realize how important this meeting is.他不甚明白這個(gè)會(huì)議的重要性。

（2）否定短語(yǔ)

at no time 決不　　　not until 直到……才　　　by no means 決不　　　in no case 決不

in no way 決不　　　 on no account 決不　　　on no condition 決不

under no circumstances 決不

In no case should you give up.你絕不能放棄。

Under no circumstances would I promise to help him.我決不答應(yīng)幫助他。

By no means should you tell him about it.你絕不要告訴他這事。

Not until after the war did he return home.直到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束，他才回家。

2.“hardly/scarcely ...when，no sooner ...than”句式中，hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首時(shí)用部分倒裝

Hardly/Scarcely had the bell rung when the class began.鈴聲一響，課就開(kāi)始。

No sooner had he arrived in Beijing than he began to work.他一到北京便開(kāi)始工作。

3.not only ...but also ...連接兩個(gè)句子時(shí)，not only后的句子用部分倒裝，but also后的不倒裝

Not only did he come，but also he saw her.他不僅來(lái)了，而且還見(jiàn)到了她。

Not only does she speak Spanish，（but）she also knows how to type.

她不但會(huì)說(shuō)西班牙語(yǔ)，還會(huì)打字呢。

4.“Only+狀語(yǔ)（從句）”置于句首時(shí)用部分倒裝

Only after the accident did he have his car inspected.

只有在那件意外事件后，他才叫人檢查了他的車(chē)子。（only+狀語(yǔ)）

Only when one loses freedom does one know its value.

只有在一個(gè)人失去自由的時(shí)候，才知道自由的可貴。（only+狀語(yǔ)從句）

【提示】 only引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)句子不用倒裝。

Only Tom can solve the problem.只有湯姆能解決問(wèn)題。

5.so，neither/nor 開(kāi)頭的句子表示兩個(gè)同樣的情況時(shí)用部分倒裝

（1）肯定式：neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞等+主語(yǔ)

Mary likes playing the piano，so does Jane.瑪麗喜歡彈鋼琴，簡(jiǎn)也是。

He has finished his homework，so have I.他完成了作業(yè)，我也完成了。

I can swim，so can he.我會(huì)游泳，他也會(huì)。

The first one is good，so is the second.第一個(gè)很好，第二個(gè)也很好。

（2）否定式：neither/nor+助動(dòng)詞等+主語(yǔ)

Mary doesn’t like playing the piano，neither/nor does Jane.

瑪麗不喜歡彈鋼琴，簡(jiǎn)也不喜歡。

He hasn’t finished his homework，nor/neither have I.他沒(méi)完成作業(yè)，我也沒(méi)完成。

I can’t swim，nor/neither can he.我不會(huì)游泳，他也不會(huì)。

The first one isn’t good，neither is the second.第一個(gè)不好，第二個(gè)也不好。

【提示】

①若第一句中既有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，用It is the same with或So it is with 句式。

He was a good worker and worked very hard.So it was with his son./It was the same with his son.他是優(yōu)秀工作者，工作努力。他兒子也是如此。

②若第一句中既有肯定又有否定的情況時(shí)，用It is the same with或So it is with 句式。

He came late for school，but he was not punished，so it was with me/It is the same with me.他上學(xué)遲到了，但未受懲罰，我也是。

③“so sb.do” 意為“某人的確如此”；“sb.do so”意為“某人這樣做了”。

— He works very hard at English.他學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)很努力。

— So he does.他的確如此。

He asked me to wait for him，and I did so.他讓我等他，我確實(shí)等了。

6.虛擬條件句中可省略if，再把were，should或had 移到句首，構(gòu)成部分倒裝

Were he my friend，I would expect his help.

倘若他是我的朋友，我就期待他的援助了。

Should it rain tomorrow，I shall stay indoors.如果明天下雨的話(huà)，我將呆在屋里。

Had he followed my advice，he would have succeeded.

假若他從前聽(tīng)我的話(huà)，他早就成功了。

7.as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句用部分倒裝

Brave as/though he is，he trembles at the sight of a snake.

他雖然勇敢，看到蛇仍然會(huì)發(fā)抖。

Hard as/though he studies，he cannot pass the examination.

他雖然非常用功，但仍然考試不及格。

Try as/though he would，he could not do it well.

他雖然盡了最大努力，但仍不能把它做好。

Woman as/though she is，she is courageous.

她雖然是女人，卻很勇敢。（名詞前要省略冠詞）

8.“so ...that ...，such ...that ...”句式中，so和such置于句首時(shí)主句用部分倒裝

So fast does he run that he is far ahead of others.

他跑得如此快，以至于遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)領(lǐng)先于其他人。（so+adv.置于句首）

So easy was the work that they finished it in a few days.

工作很容易幾天他們就完成了。（so+adj.置于句首）

Such a nice man did he seem that we all believe him.

他像個(gè)很和藹的人，所以我們都相信他。（such+n.置于句首）