醫(yī)學英語：照顧癌癥患者中的診斷問題

Diagnostic problems during continuing care of the patient with cancer. The physician who undertakes the continuing care of a patient with cancer must be vigilant in promptly identifying complications arising from the progression of tumor and in detecting curable intercurrent illness that may be mistaken for manifestations of cancer itself. The patient with a known tumor who develops anorexia, weight loss, and jaundice may have cholecystitis and biliary obstruction rather than metastatic cancer and may die from that disorder unless the correct diagnosis is established.

繼續(xù)照顧癌癥患者時的診斷問題。繼續(xù)照顧癌癥患者的醫(yī)生一定要警惕，應立即診斷出腫瘤發(fā)展過程中的并發(fā)癥，并鑒別出可治愈的間發(fā)疾病，以免將其誤診為癌癥的臨床癥狀。已明確診斷出腫瘤的病人若出現(xiàn)厭食、體重減輕和黃疸有膽囊炎以及膽道阻塞的癥狀而不是出現(xiàn)轉移癌，那么他可能會由于功能紊亂而死亡，除非有正確的診斷。

Furthermore, some potentially treatable conditions are actually caused by the cancer therapy—postoperative adhesions or radiation-induced strictures leading to bowel obstruction or chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression leading to an opportunistic fungal infection. Certain drugs may even produce complications that simulate paraneoplastic syndromes, such as inappropriate secretion of ADH, neuromyopathy, or cerebellar degeneration. Although errors in diagnosis of intercurrent medical and surgical illness sometimes seem almost inevitable, the best way to minimize these problems is to assume that each new condition is due to a nonmalignant process, until it is proven otherwise. First recurrences of cancer must always be confirmed by biopsy because of their profound implications.

此外，一些潛在的治療條件實際上是因為癌癥治療造成的--術后黏連或輻射誘導狹窄導致腸梗塞或者化療誘導的免疫控制導致真菌乘機感染。有些藥物甚至會導致并發(fā)癥，看起來像副腫瘤并發(fā)癥，比如ADH的不當分泌、神經(jīng)肌病或小腦退化。雖然間發(fā)的醫(yī)療和外科疾病有時似乎難以避免會出現(xiàn)誤診，但是把這些問題降到最低的方法是假定每種新情況的出現(xiàn)都是一個良性過程，直到事實證明并非如此。癌癥的首次復發(fā)必須通過活檢確診，因為那可能暗含著深厚的含義。

1.arise from 由...引起

例句：The higher-order terms arise from nonlinearities and cross-axis sensitivity.

高次項是由外線性和軸間耦合靈敏度所產(chǎn)生的。

2.be mistaken for 被誤認為，被誤解為

例句：They live on the ground and have legs that could be mistaken for those of a small dinosaur.

鵪鶉在陸地上生活，所下的蛋很可能被誤認為是小型恐龍的蛋。

3.rather than 不是，而不是

例句：he Undo function has failed him by behaving literally rather than practically.

撤銷功能的失敗在于，它行為精確，但并不實用。

4.due to 由于，因為

例句：Accidents due to driving at high speed were very common that weekend.

在那個周末因高速駕駛造成的交通事故很多。