Realize Pet Culture 認(rèn)識(shí)寵物文化
1 寵物狗
There are a vast range of commodity forms available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion. The list of goods, services and places available is enormous:from dog perfumes, couture, furniture and housing, to dog groomers, therapists, trainers and care-takers, dog cafes, spas, parks and beaches, and dog hotels, airlines and cemeteries. While dog training as an organized activity can be traced back to the 18th century, in the last decades of the 20th century it became a high profile issue as many normal dog behaviors such as barking, jumping up, digging, rolling in dung, fighting, and urine marking became increasingly incompatible with the new role of a pet dog. Dog training books, classes and television programs proliferated as the process of commodifying the pet dog continued.
A pet dog takes part in Christmas traditions. The majority of contemporary dog owners describe their dog as part of the family, although some ambivalence about the relationship is evident in the popular reconceptualisation of the dog-human family as a pack. A dominance model of dog-human relationships has been promoted by some dog trainers, such as on the television program Dog Whisperer. However it has been disputed that "trying to achieve status" is characteristic of dog-human interactions. Pet dogs play an active role in family life; for example, a study of conversations in dog-human families showed how family members use the dog as a resource, talking to the dog, or talking through the dog, to mediate their interactions with each other. Another study of dogs' roles in families showed many dogs have set tasks or routines undertaken as family members, the most common of which was helping with the washing-up by licking the plates in the dishwasher, and bringing in the newspaper from the lawn. Increasingly, human family members are engaging in activities centered on the perceived needs and interests of the dog, or in which the dog is an integral partner, such as Dog Dancing and Doga.
2 關(guān)于的表達(dá)方式
(1)寵物新興行業(yè)
Pet nurse 寵物保健師
Pet trainer 寵物馴導(dǎo)師
Pet Groomer 寵物美容師
Veterinarian 寵物醫(yī)師
(2)寵物犬類
Chihuahua 吉娃娃
Papillon 蝴蝶犬
Pomeranian (松鼠犬博美犬)
Alaskan Malamute 阿拉斯加雪橇犬
American Eskimo Dog 美國(guó)愛(ài)斯基摩犬
Australian Shepherd 澳洲牧羊犬
Bichon Frise 卷毛比雄犬
Bulldog 老虎犬 (英國(guó)斗牛)
Dachshund 臘腸犬
Dalmatian 斑點(diǎn)犬
Lakeland Terrier 湖畔梗
Whippet 惠比特犬
犬,通常指家犬,也稱狗,一種常見(jiàn)的犬科哺乳動(dòng)物。通常被稱為"人類最忠實(shí)的朋友",也是飼養(yǎng)率最高的寵物。其壽命約為10至20多年,若無(wú)發(fā)生意外,平均壽命以小型犬為長(zhǎng)。 貓已經(jīng)被人類馴化了3500年(但未像狗一樣完全地被馴化),現(xiàn)在,貓已成為全世界家庭中極為廣泛的寵物。研究表明,貓不吃老鼠,夜視能力就會(huì)有所下降,會(huì)長(zhǎng)期喪失夜間活動(dòng)的能力。
For Americans, pets are as basic American culture as hotdogs or apple pies.
對(duì)美國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō),如同熱狗、蘋(píng)果派一樣,寵物也是美國(guó)文化的基礎(chǔ)。
Raising pets makes a person's life more satisfying and less lonely. Senior citizens especially can benefit from having a pet to keep them company.
養(yǎng)寵物會(huì)給人們的生活增加一些樂(lè)趣,讓人們感覺(jué)不那么孤單。尤其是對(duì)老年人來(lái)說(shuō),有一只寵物相伴對(duì)他們有好處。
To Americans, pets are not just property, but a part of the family.
寵物不僅是一個(gè)家庭的私有財(cái)產(chǎn),而且是家庭的成員。
Americans love pets. And it's not just puppy love, either. Many pet owners treat their furry friends as part of the family.
美國(guó)人很愛(ài)寵物,而且這不只是一種不成熟、短暫的愛(ài),很多寵物的主人把這些毛茸茸的朋友當(dāng)作家庭的一部分。
Sometimes they spice up their pets' lives with entertaining videos and amusing toys.
有時(shí)候還為寵物準(zhǔn)備娛樂(lè)用的錄像帶和玩具來(lái)增添它們生活的樂(lè)趣。
If they have an eye for fashion, pet owners can dress their pets in stylish clothes.
如果寵物的主人具有流行的眼光,還會(huì)讓他們的寵物穿上時(shí)髦的衣服。
For special occasions, they can use canine perfume to make their dogs smell, well, less beastly.
在特殊的場(chǎng)合里,甚至為寵物噴上專用的香水,讓它們的味道好聞一點(diǎn),減少一些動(dòng)物身上的味道。
You might say Americans treat their pets like they treat their children-sometimes even better.
你也可以說(shuō),美國(guó)人待他們的寵物如同待他們的孩子一樣--有時(shí)甚至更好。
In America, there are more households with pets than those with children.
在美國(guó),有寵物的家庭比有孩子的家庭還多。
A series of related industry are produced around pets' economy, and some new professions are gestated, such as pet doctor, pet beautician, pet trainer, nursing worker of pets and so on.
圍繞寵物經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生了一系列的相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè),并孕育了不少的新興職業(yè),如寵物醫(yī)師、寵物美容師、牽犬師、寵物訓(xùn)導(dǎo)師、寵物健康護(hù)理員等。
At least 43 percent of U.S. homes have pets of some sort. Exotic creatures, such as monkeys, snakes and even wolves, find a home with some Americans.
至少有43%的美國(guó)家庭養(yǎng)一些外國(guó)品種的動(dòng)物,例如猴子、蛇、甚至狼。
More common pets include tropical fish, mice and birds.
比較常見(jiàn)的寵物有熱帶魚(yú)、老鼠和鳥(niǎo)。
But the all-time favorites are cats and dogs, even at the White House.
不過(guò),一直廣受歡迎的是貓和狗,連白宮也不例外。
The Clintons' cat, Socks, once replaced the Bushes' dog, Millie, as reigning First Pet.
克林頓總統(tǒng)的貓--襪子,曾經(jīng)取代了布什的狗--米利,成為神氣的"第一寵物"。
Americans sometimes have strong feelings about whether dogs or cats make better pets. "Dog people" and "cat people" often enjoy friendly rivalries.
美國(guó)人有時(shí)候很在乎到底最好的寵物是貓還是狗,"愛(ài)狗的人"和"愛(ài)貓的人"喜歡開(kāi)玩笑地彼此爭(zhēng)辯。
Leading a dog's life in America isn't such a bad thing. Many grocery stores sell gourmet pet foods to owners eager to please their pets.
在美國(guó),狗所過(guò)的生活并不壞,很多雜貨店都賣(mài)有寵物美食,讓主人可以討好他們的寵物。
In Houston, Texas, dogs can have their dinner delivered to their homes, just like pizza.
在德州的休斯敦市,狗兒還能享用專程送到家的晚餐,就跟比薩一樣。
Well-to-do canines can attend doggy daycare centers while their owners work.
家境富裕的狗兒在主人上班的時(shí)候可以去狗兒托育中心。
Pets can even accompany their owners on vacation.
寵物甚至可以和他們的主人一同去度假。
Fancy hotels are beginning to accommodate both man and beast. Furry guests at Four Seasons Hotels can enjoy gourmet meals served on fine china and sleep in soft beds.
高級(jí)飯店已經(jīng)開(kāi)始可以同時(shí)留宿人和寵物,這些毛茸茸的客人在四季飯店可以享用以精致瓷器盛裝的美食,并在柔軟的床上睡覺(jué)。
Beneath the fluffy luxuries, there lies a basic American belief:Pets have a right to be treated well.
在舒適奢華的享受之下,其實(shí)存在著美國(guó)人的一種基本信念:寵物有受到妥善對(duì)待的權(quán)利。
At least 75 animal welfare organizations exist in America. These provide care and adoption services for homeless and abused animals.
美國(guó)至少有75個(gè)動(dòng)物福利組織,它們?yōu)榱骼藙?dòng)物及被虐待動(dòng)物提供照顧與領(lǐng)養(yǎng)的服務(wù)。
Veterinarians can give animals an incredible level of medical care for an incredible price.
獸醫(yī)能提供給動(dòng)物極好的醫(yī)療照顧--價(jià)格也極昂貴。
To pay for the high-tech health care, people can buy health insurance for their pets.
若為了負(fù)擔(dān)更先進(jìn)的健康醫(yī)療照顧,人們可以為他們的寵物購(gòu)買(mǎi)健康保險(xiǎn)。
Mary:Alison, What kind of pet do you want to get?
瑪麗:艾莉森,你想要怎樣的寵物?
Alison:How about goldfish?
艾莉森:金魚(yú)怎么樣?
Mary:They're too boring! How about a snake? Snakes are interesting.
瑪麗:它們太無(wú)聊!蛇怎么樣?蛇很有趣。
Alison:No! Snakes are too scary! Let's get a nice pet like a cat.
艾莉森:不!蛇太令人害怕。咱們找個(gè)好的寵物像貓一樣。
Mary:A cat? I don't like cats. Cats aren't friendly enough.
瑪麗:貓?我不喜歡貓。貓不是足夠友好。
Alison:How about dogs? They are nice, but they are really energetic, and you need to make sure they get enough exercise every day.
艾莉森:小狗怎么樣?小狗很可愛(ài)呀,不過(guò)它們太好動(dòng)了,最好每天都能帶它們?nèi)ド⒉健?br />
Mary:Have a dog would probably be too much work for me, then.
瑪麗:那我恐怕沒(méi)那么多時(shí)間養(yǎng)狗了。
Alison:What about cats? They are more independent.
艾莉森:那養(yǎng)貓吧,貓沒(méi)那么黏人。
Mary:Actually, I was thinking of something a little more exotic. I don't want a common pet like a dog or cat.
瑪麗:實(shí)際上我想要一只特別點(diǎn)兒的寵物,不想要貓、狗這些常見(jiàn)的。
Alison:How about a lizard? Are lizards more along the lines of what you were thinking of getting?
艾莉森:養(yǎng)只蜥蜴?蜥蜴夠特別吧?
Mary:Yeah, are they easy to look after?
瑪麗:不錯(cuò),蜥蜴好養(yǎng)嗎?
Alison:Yeah, they are pretty low-maintenance; they eat almost anything.
艾莉森:嗯,挺好養(yǎng)的,基本上什么都吃。