外國人最想和你聊的時事話題：終生學(xué)習(xí)

　What is lifelong learning　什么是終生學(xué)習(xí)
     Assuming the public school system hasn't crushed your soul, learning is a great activity. It expands your viewpoint. It gives you new knowledge you can use to improve your life. Even if you discount the worldly benefits, the act of learning can be a source of enjoyment.
     But in a busy world, it can often be hard to fit in time to learn anything that isn't essential. The only things learned are those that need to be. Everything beyond that is considered frivolous. Even those who do appreciate the practice of lifelong learning, can find it difficult to make the effort.
     Here are some tips for installing the habit of lifelong learning:
     (1) Always have a book.
     It doesn't matter if it takes you a year or a week to read a book. Always strive to have a book that you are reading through, and take it with you so you can read it when you have time. Just by shaving off a few minutes in-between activities in my day I can read about a book per week. That's at least fifty each year.
     (2) Keep a "To-Learn" List
     We all have to-do lists. These are the tasks we need to accomplish. Try to also have a "to-learn" list. On it you can write ideas for new areas of study. Maybe you would like to take up a new language, learn a skill or read the collective works of Shakespeare. Whatever motivates you, write it down.
     (3) Get More Intellectual Friends
     Start spending more time with people who think, not just people who are smart. Stay with people who actually invest much of their time in learning new skills. Their habits will rub off on you. Even better, they will probably share some of their knowledge with you.
     (4) Guided Thinking
     Albert Einstein once said, "Any man who reads too much and uses his own brain too little falls into lazy habits of thinking." Simply studying the wisdom of others isn't enough, you have to think through ideas yourself. Spend time journaling, meditating or contemplating over ideas you have learned.
     (5) Put it Into Practice
     Skill based learning is useless if it isn't applied. Reading a book on C++ isn't the same thing as writing a program. Studying painting isn't the same as picking up a brush. If your knowledge can be applied, put it into practice.
     (6) Teach Others
     You learn what you teach. If you have an outlet of communicating ideas to others, you are more likely to solidify that learning. Start a blog, mentor someone or even discuss ideas with a friend.
     (7) Clean your input
     Some forms of learning are easy to digest, but often lack substance. I make a point of regularly cleaning out my feed reader for blogs I subscribe to. Great blogs can be a powerful source of new ideas. But every few months I realize I'm collecting posts from blogs that I am simply skimming. Every few months, purify your input to save time and focus on what counts.
     (8) Learn in Groups
     Lifelong learning doesn't mean condemning yourself to a stack of dusty textbooks. Join organizations that teach skills. Workshops and group learning events can make educating yourself a fun, social experience.
     (9) Unlearn Assumptions
     You can't add water to a full cup. I always try to maintain a distance away from any idea. Too many convictions simply mean too few paths for new ideas. Actively seek out information that contradicts your worldview.
     (10) Find Jobs that Encourage Learning
     Pick a career that encourages continual learning. If you are in a job that doesn't have much intellectual freedom, consider switching to one that does. Don't spend forty hours of your week in a job that doesn't challenge you.
     (11) Start a Project
     Set out to do something you don't know how. Forced learning in this way can be fun and challenging. If you don't know anything about computers, try building one. If you consider yourself a horrible artist, try a painting.
     (12) Follow Your Intuition
     Lifelong learning is like wandering through the wilderness. You can't be sure what to expect and there isn't always an end goal in mind. Letting your intuition guide you can make self-education more enjoyable. Most of our lives have been broken down to completely logical decisions, that making choices on a whim has been stamped out.
     (13) The Morning Fifteen
     Use the first fifteen minutes in the morning as a period for education. If you find yourself too groggy, you might want to wait a short time. Just don't put it off later in the day where urgent activities will push it out of the way.
     (14) Reap the Rewards
     Learn information you can use. Understanding the basics of programming allows me to handle projects that other people would require outside help. Meeting a situation that makes use of your educational efforts can be a source of pride.
     (15) Make it a Priority
     Few external forces are going to persuade you to learn. The desire has to come from within. Once you decide you want to make lifelong learning a habit, it is up to you to make it a priority in your life.
     終生學(xué)習(xí)的特征:
     1．在終生學(xué)習(xí)中，人是學(xué)習(xí)活動的主體(subject)。
     2．學(xué)習(xí)貫穿于人從生命開始到結(jié)束的全過程。
     3．終生學(xué)習(xí)是個別化(individuation)和個性化(personalization)的學(xué)習(xí)。
     在員工培訓(xùn)(staff training)中，終生學(xué)習(xí)是指組織為員工提供持續(xù)的培訓(xùn)機會，其形式多種多樣，既包括業(yè)務(wù)和技能培訓(xùn)(operational and skill training)，也包括思路拓展和學(xué)位培訓(xùn)等。在終身雇(permanent employment)不復(fù)存在的今天，人們越來越認(rèn)識到，雖然業(yè)無法提供終身雇傭的承諾，但有競爭力，希望充分調(diào)動員工積極的企業(yè)，可以提供終生學(xué)習(xí)的承諾，使員工具有不斷更新知識和技的機會，終身具有工作競爭力(working competitiveness)。傭企性能