外國(guó)人最想和你聊的時(shí)事話題：事業(yè)成功與快樂(lè)生活

　What is career success and happiness　什么是幸福感指數(shù)
     The construction of career success contextualized
     The current study aims to dissect the meaning of the career success construct by applying the laddering interview technique as well as Q-sort methodology to generate a more inclusive model of what career success might mean to different people. Several recent publications have made apparent that career success can have a multitude of meanings, depending on the individual or subgroup constructing the meaning.
     First of all, the construction of meaning for career and career success is a historically and culturally specific process. Savickas described the "rise and fall" of career in North America by outlining the historical evolution from an agricultural to an industrial economy and finally, to the current-day knowledge economy, causing careers to be decreasingly regulated and linear. With regard to culture, several authors have demonstrated that the career narratives of people from different countries vary. Dany described the European culture as bureaucratic, with servile obedience, risk aversion and strong commitment as key features. The US culture, on the other hand, is described as "contractual"; risk-taking and entrepreneurial, individualist attitudes are valued. Other researchers compared prevalent career theories-that are mostly contextualized for White people in middle-class US environments-to career narratives studied in Austria, China, Costa Rica, Japan, Malaysia, Spain and among Northern Plains American Indians.
     Furthermore, sub-culture and socio-economic background can play an important role in the way people construct the meaning of career success. For instance, Sturges reported that interviewees who grew up in blue-collar environments indicated that their parents "did not have careers". Hennequin found, in line with Thomas, that blue-collar workers create their own definition of career success, in which seniority, technical competence or the amount of danger experienced at work play a role.
     Finally, and on a more individual level, developmental theories such as socialization and life-cycle processes may be relevant. Socialization processes are particularly relevant when it comes to the career success definitions of men versus those of women. For instance, certain cultures limit the desirability and possibility of women pursuing careers in "masculine"sectors by emphasizing their responsibility as "wife and mother", while men are "breadwinner" or "provider". Moreover, several authors have found that the meaning attributed to career success can shift across generations as well as during one person's life-cycle, depending on the career stage, the different life tasks and the development of the self-concept.
     事業(yè)成功的15種能力：
     1．解決問(wèn)題時(shí)的逆向思維能力(reversed thinking capability)。
     2．考慮問(wèn)題時(shí)的換位思考(think from another way)能力。
     3．強(qiáng)于他人的總結(jié)能力(presentation skill)。
     4．簡(jiǎn)潔的文書(shū)編寫(xiě)(Document writing)能力。
     5．信息資料收集(material collection)能力。
     6．解決問(wèn)題的方案制定(scheme constitution)能力。
     7．目標(biāo)調(diào)整(target adjustment)能力。
     8．超強(qiáng)的自我安慰(self-comfort)能力。
     9．書(shū)面溝通(writing communication)能力。
     10．企業(yè)文化的適應(yīng)(culture adaptation)能力。
     11．崗位變化的承受（bear position change）能力。
     12．客觀對(duì)待忠誠(chéng)(objective treat loyalty)。
     13．積極尋求培訓(xùn)和實(shí)踐的機(jī)會(huì)(actively seek training and practice opportunities)。
     14．勇于接受分外之事(the courage to accept the points)。
     15．職業(yè)精神(professional spirit)。