盤點(diǎn)雅思閱讀中隱藏小技巧

我們 這里所說的“玄機(jī)”，就是無所不在的信號(hào)詞!

信號(hào)詞就好比是高速公路上的標(biāo)識(shí)牌，見到了它們，你就知道目的地距離自己的位置還有 多遠(yuǎn)的距離，需要直走，還是拐彎。從而采取精讀或是跳讀掃讀等不一樣的方法和閱題技巧。下面我們就分析一下雅思閱讀中信號(hào)詞對(duì)考點(diǎn)指示的微妙作用。

在介紹信號(hào)詞之前，我們先對(duì)它們進(jìn)行一下分類，雅思閱讀中的信號(hào)詞能分為幾類呢?把劍橋3-7閱讀出現(xiàn)的與考點(diǎn)相關(guān)的信號(hào)詞分為兩大類：一個(gè)是傳統(tǒng)的信號(hào)詞;另一個(gè)就是 非傳統(tǒng)的信號(hào)詞。為什么要這樣分呢?傳統(tǒng)的信號(hào)詞有是我們平時(shí)在學(xué)校課堂上、寫作課上，老師都強(qiáng)調(diào)的幾大類，表順接和遞進(jìn)，表對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折，表相似，表時(shí)間 先后關(guān)系，表排列次序，表因果關(guān)系，表舉例和說明關(guān)系。而非傳統(tǒng)的信號(hào)詞則是我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)閱讀中常常忽視的細(xì)節(jié)，但是根據(jù)劍橋的出題思路和模式，我發(fā)現(xiàn)還有一類的信號(hào)詞是常常和考點(diǎn)有密切的聯(lián)系。(這就是因?yàn)閷W(xué)生能夠充足的掌握雅思閱讀做題技巧，所以才能窺探其中的奧秘)

首先我們來看一看在劍橋3-7中，傳統(tǒng)的信號(hào)詞與考點(diǎn)的聯(lián)系。(注：C-劍橋，P-頁 碼, T-題目)

(一)傳統(tǒng)信號(hào)詞

一、順接和遞進(jìn)

例詞：also, furthermore, moreover, what is more, in addition…

考點(diǎn)：And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom…(C6, P28, T31找標(biāo)題)

解 析：And在這句話開頭，有一定的遞進(jìn)含義, this wisdom則是指代了前面一句話出現(xiàn)的their wealth of traditional knowledge(因紐特人傳統(tǒng)的知識(shí))，所以這兩句話有緊密的聯(lián)系，同學(xué)們?cè)谧x題的時(shí)候要通過發(fā)現(xiàn)信號(hào)詞，然后發(fā)散地看它的前后句，最后把考點(diǎn)考察的 意思補(bǔ)充完整。

二、對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折

例詞：however, but, although, nevertheless, on the other hand, by comparison…

考點(diǎn)：However, we believe that credit must be extended in association with other types of support that help participants develop critical life skills as well as productive businesses.(C4, P66, T13主旨選擇題)

題目中出現(xiàn)了conclude的字 眼，總結(jié)段落一般是在文章的最后，然而帶有轉(zhuǎn)折信號(hào)詞however這句話，顯然就是文章的考點(diǎn)所在。

三、相似

例 詞：similarly, in other words, that is, put another way…

考點(diǎn)：In other words, we became aware of the obvious fact that there were‘limits to growth’.(C4, P97, T32分類題)

解析：In other words是解釋，換一種說法，通常會(huì)以更加簡(jiǎn)單易懂，清晰的話語陳述出難點(diǎn)，常常難點(diǎn)是考點(diǎn)出沒的地方。

四、時(shí)間先后

例 詞：firstly, second, next, then, now, later, since, eventually, finally…

考 點(diǎn)：Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the severity of the problem. Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain…Third, there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something.(C6, P94, T30選標(biāo)題)

解析：段落結(jié)構(gòu)很清楚，主要是因?yàn)橛斜磉_(dá)順序的信號(hào)詞First、 second、third，讓我們認(rèn)識(shí)這段是在講，侍強(qiáng)凌弱這種現(xiàn)象已經(jīng)開始改變，主要是從三個(gè)方面入手：意識(shí)、資源、監(jiān)督。這種發(fā)展讓學(xué)校有了更多的方 法和有效途徑解決存在的問題。這里的First、second、third提示我們?nèi)齻€(gè)方面，同時(shí)也是一個(gè)發(fā)展的過程。

五、排列 次序

例詞：another, the second, the most, the best…

考 點(diǎn)：Most important of all, the traditional measures of‘risk’, such as parents’ age and education, or whether they were a single parent, bore little or no relationship to the measures of achievement and language development.(C5, P63, T12判斷題)

解析：most important of all強(qiáng)調(diào)了最重要的事情，也就是文中比較重要的結(jié)論要出爐了。Single parents是題目中的關(guān)鍵詞，同樣在這一句里出現(xiàn)了，我們可以利用對(duì)信號(hào)詞的敏感度，快速抓住文章的考點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行局部精讀。(如何提高雅思閱讀?學(xué)生要通過練習(xí)把握文章的重中核心是關(guān)鍵。)

六、強(qiáng)調(diào)作用

例詞：in fact, in essence, in particular, emphasize…

考 點(diǎn)：This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology- to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates…(C5, P21, T18信息包含題)

解析：信息包含題考察細(xì)節(jié)是在那個(gè)段落出現(xiàn)，在做此類題目時(shí)，要注意信號(hào)詞與考點(diǎn)的密切相關(guān)性，從而迅速找準(zhǔn) 答案。這里出現(xiàn)了in essence(實(shí)質(zhì)上),起了一定的強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，迅速掃讀后，發(fā)現(xiàn)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了題目關(guān)鍵詞sociobiology,破折號(hào)后面的介詞to是表目的與題目中 的the general aim of一致對(duì)應(yīng)。

七、因果關(guān)系

例詞：as, because, since, lead to, as a result, result in, consequently, therefore, thus, the caused of…

考點(diǎn)：The fourth question concerned the causes of the destruction of rainforests. Perhaps encouragingly, more than half of the pupils(59%) identified that it is human activities, which are destroying rainforests…(C4, P19,T11簡(jiǎn)答題)

解析：這道簡(jiǎn)答題的文本題就是問the reason for the loss of rainforests，所以我們可以同通過原因信號(hào)詞，判斷考點(diǎn)的方位。

八、 舉例子和說明

例詞：for example, for instance, that is to say, i.e., such as, including…

考點(diǎn)： Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton…(C5, P39, T5流程圖)

解析：我們看到such as后面是舉例子，such as后面的例子可以作為定位詞，woodflour, asbestos, cotton就是fillers的其中一種。Fillers在這里就是一個(gè)概括性的詞語，常常是考點(diǎn)。