中國大學(xué)強(qiáng)迫學(xué)生清掃校園引爭議

University Students Cry Foul Over Compulsory Labor Program

中國大學(xué)強(qiáng)迫學(xué)生清掃校園引爭議

Cleanliness is crucial to academic success at one Chinese university where compulsory labor is part of a program designed to award class credits while instilling students with proper moral values.

打掃衛(wèi)生在一所中國大學(xué)于學(xué)業(yè)成功至關(guān)重要。在那里，義務(wù)勞動(dòng)是一個(gè)計(jì)入學(xué)分并用于為學(xué)生灌輸正確道德觀念的教學(xué)計(jì)劃的一部分。

But for many students at the Shengda Economics, Trade and Management College in Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province, the program is an unnecessary burden, one they say detracts from their studies.

但對(duì)許多就讀于河南省的鄭州升達(dá)經(jīng)貿(mào)管理學(xué)院的學(xué)生來說，這項(xiàng)教學(xué)計(jì)劃是一個(gè)不必要的負(fù)擔(dān)，并且影響了他們的學(xué)習(xí)。

During winter, the sky is still dark at 6:30 a.m. when the university’s first-year students begin sweeping the 165-acre campus. Another cleaning shift awaits them later in the day. Each shift can take up to an hour, students said. Afterward, inspectors check the students’ work. Should a student miss a piece of trash or errant cigarette butt, he or she can lose academic credits and the opportunity to compete for certain titles and scholarships.

冬天，清晨6點(diǎn)半時(shí)天還是黑的。但這時(shí)，該校的大一學(xué)生已經(jīng)開始清掃約165英畝(約合670,000平方米)大的校園了。學(xué)生們說，每日晚些時(shí)候，他們還有另一次值日排班，每次值日最長可達(dá)一個(gè)小時(shí)。清潔之后，檢查員會(huì)來檢查衛(wèi)生。如果學(xué)生漏掉了一片垃圾或一個(gè)煙頭，他們就面臨拿不到學(xué)分及不能參加榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)評(píng)選和獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金競爭的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

While all students at Shengda are required to clean their dormitories and classrooms every day, first-year students are the only ones required to sweep the campus. According to students, cleanliness inspections are conducted every weekday.

升達(dá)所有年級(jí)的學(xué)生都被要求每日清潔宿舍和教室，只有大一學(xué)生還被要求清掃整個(gè)校園。據(jù)學(xué)生們說，學(xué)校平日每日進(jìn)行衛(wèi)生檢查。

The compulsory labor is worth two academic credits, a university official, Sun Peng, said in a Tuesday interview with The Henan Economic Daily.

校方一位名為孫朋的負(fù)責(zé)人周二對(duì)《河南商報(bào)》表示，該義務(wù)勞動(dòng)制度占兩個(gè)學(xué)分。

The cleaning program is also linked to a points-based “moral education” system. Such programs are often used by high schools and universities in China.

這項(xiàng)清潔計(jì)劃也和計(jì)分制的“德育教育”體系掛鉤。許多中國的高中和大學(xué)都有德育教育。

Some students, however, feel the demands of the cleaning program are a distraction.

然而一些學(xué)生感到，這項(xiàng)清潔計(jì)劃的要求使他們不能專注于學(xué)業(yè)。

“The inspections are too stringent,” said a second-year student who asked not to be named because he was not authorized to speak to the media. “You get your points deducted for even trivial matters.”

“檢查太苛刻了，”一個(gè)因未經(jīng)學(xué)校允許便接受采訪而要求不具名的大二學(xué)生說。“稍微有一點(diǎn)不好就直接扣分。”

“Once I got my points deducted because there was dust in the area I was responsible for,” he said, recalling his first year, during which he and his fellow students often showed up late and hungry to their morning classes after rushing to sweep the campus and clean their rooms.

“有一次我掃的地方被扣了分，因?yàn)榈厣嫌谢遥?rdquo;他回憶起他大一時(shí)的生活，說道。那時(shí)他和同學(xué)們常常因趕著清掃校園和打掃宿舍而趕不及吃早飯和準(zhǔn)時(shí)上早課。

A Shengda representative could not be immediately reached for comment on Friday.

記者周五無法立即聯(lián)系到升達(dá)學(xué)院的發(fā)言人置評(píng)。

While many Chinese universities encourage their students to maintain clean living areas, compulsory cleaning programs that also give academic credits are rare.

盡管許多中國大學(xué)都鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行生活區(qū)保潔，但計(jì)入學(xué)分的強(qiáng)制性勞動(dòng)計(jì)劃相對(duì)少見。

Shengda, which was founded in 1994 by a Taiwanese educator, Wang Kuang-ya, touted its decade-long program of “labor education” as one of its defining characteristics in an interview with The Orient Daily on Wednesday.

1994年由臺(tái)灣教育家王廣亞創(chuàng)立的升達(dá)在周三與《東方今報(bào)》的采訪中宣揚(yáng)了學(xué)校數(shù)十年的“勞動(dòng)教育”項(xiàng)目，將其稱為學(xué)校的特色教育。

The newspaper sought comment from the university after several students complained publicly about the program, saying they were at Shengda to study, not sweep.

該報(bào)在幾名學(xué)生公開對(duì)升達(dá)的強(qiáng)制勞動(dòng)表示不滿后尋求該校置評(píng)。學(xué)生們說，他們是來學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的，不是來掃地的。

In his interview with The Henan Economic Daily, Mr. Sun, the university official, said that labor was good for building character and fostered “the spirit of hard work.”

在與《河南商報(bào)》的采訪中，校方領(lǐng)導(dǎo)孫朋說，勞動(dòng)可以鍛煉意志，并培養(yǎng)“實(shí)干精神”。

“Cleaning and labor, as such, can help students develop healthy routines and good sanitation habits,” he said.

“打掃衛(wèi)生等勞動(dòng)，可以讓學(xué)生養(yǎng)成良好的作息習(xí)慣、衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣，”他說。

The recent media coverage of the compulsory cleaning program has prompted heated debate on Weibo, the Chinese microblog platform, with users posting thousands of comments. More than 9,000 comments have included the hashtag “floor-sweeping university.”

最近對(duì)于該強(qiáng)制清潔計(jì)劃的媒體報(bào)道在微博上引發(fā)了激辯，網(wǎng)友就此事發(fā)布了數(shù)千評(píng)論。包含“掃地學(xué)府”話題的微博發(fā)文超過了9000條。

Some users, many claiming to be graduates or current students of Shengda, have accused complaining students of being “whiny.”

一些網(wǎng)友——他們中的許多人都自稱升達(dá)畢業(yè)生或在讀學(xué)生——指責(zé)那些對(duì)勞動(dòng)教育表達(dá)不滿的學(xué)生“太愛抱怨”。

“I’m in Year 4 and about to leave,” said one user. “We are always proud of our clean campus. We never litter because we’ve been through the labor and understand that we should respect the fruits of labor of ourselves and others.” Others said the labor program could be viewed favorably as exercise.

“大四快離開了，”一位網(wǎng)友說。“升達(dá)干凈的校園一直是我們的驕傲，手里的垃圾看不見垃圾桶絕對(duì)不會(huì)隨地仍，因?yàn)槲覀凅w會(huì)過勞動(dòng)的經(jīng)歷，懂得尊重自己和他人的勞動(dòng)成果。”其他網(wǎng)友說，勞動(dòng)教育可以當(dāng)作鍛煉身體。

But notable detractors of the program include the prestigious Tsinghua University in Beijing. “Two hours of labor has gone beyond working out,” the university said on its official Weibo account. “The spirit of hard work should by no means be achieved through daily floor-sweeping.”

但是引人注目的反對(duì)者包括北京名校清華大學(xué)。“每天兩個(gè)小時(shí)的勞動(dòng)已經(jīng)超出了鍛煉的范疇，”該校官方微博賬號(hào)評(píng)論道。“實(shí)干精神的培養(yǎng)絕非是靠每天的掃地來實(shí)現(xiàn)。”