【原文】
將欲歙(xī)之,必固張之。將欲弱之,必固強之。將欲廢之,必固興之。將欲奪之,必固與之。是謂微明。
柔弱勝剛強。魚不可脫于淵,國之利器不可示于人。
【現代漢語】
將要收斂的,必先擴張;將要被削弱的,必先令之強盛;將要被廢棄的,必先被興舉;將要被奪取的,必先施予。這些征兆雖然隱晦,但道理卻非常明了。
柔弱勝過剛強。魚離開深淵就無法生存。權勢和苛令不能拿出來威嚇百姓。
【英譯】
Dilation is the sign of constringency; mightiness is the sign of enervation; flourish is the sign of disuse; dispensation is the sign of seizure. All above premonition is indistinct, but the truth and rule is very perspicuous.
The soft overcomes the hard; and the weak the strong.
Fish should be left in the deep water. The sharp weapons of the state should be left where none can see them (The lordliness and tyranny should not be used to bulldoze the common people).
【備注】
這一章向來被用來作為老子宣揚權謀、陰謀的“鐵證”,但是,我相信任何一個從頭到尾仔細學習過道德經的人都不會認可這種理論的。
老子在這一章簡潔地呈現給我們事務的基本規(guī)律而已。