用英語說中國旅游華北地區(qū) 04：承德避暑山莊自然概況1

Chengde Mountain Resort and Outlying Temples

避暑山莊與外八廟

Natural features

自然概況

The Mountain Resort in Chengde is one of the four most famous Chinese rdens and one of the largest and best-preserved imperial palaces outside Beijing. It used to be a summer resort and hunting ground for emperors of the Qing Dynasty(1644一1911).They also used the palace to organize martial art competitions and receive the elite of ethnic minority groups from around China.

承德避暑山莊是中國四大名園之一，也是北京以外保存得最大報好的帝王宮殿之一。這兒過去是清王朝(1644~1911)皇帝避暑和狩獵的地方，也是常常被用來舉辦武術比賽和接待來自全國各地的少數(shù)民族精英的地方。

The Mountain Resort is located in Chengde City，Hebei Province，covering an area of 564 square meters，almost half of Chengde's urban area. It is enclosed by a wall 10 400 meters long. Construction began in 1703 under the rule of Emperor Kang Xi and was completed in 1790 under the rule of Emperor Qian Long. It was a second political center apart from Beijing，for the emperor would stay here for about half a year to attend to political，military, ethnic，and foreign affairs. There are more than 100 buildings within the resort，which is divided into two sections: palace zone and garden zone. The Rehe(Jehol)，the shortest river in the world， only 14. 7 kilometers long。runs through the resort. The gardens are superbly de- signed to take in the very best of various styled gardens，integrating the features of both the northern meadows and the southern waterscapes，in a layout of lake in the southeast, mountain in the northwest，and plain in the northeast.

避暑山莊位于河北承德市，占地564平方米，幾乎是承德市區(qū)一半的面積，外圍墻長10400米。避暑山莊于 I 703年康熙當朝的時候開始修建的1790乾隆年間完工。是清代在北京以外的第二政治中心?；实勖磕甏蠹s有一半時間要在這里度過，在這里處理重要的政治、軍事、民族和外教等國家大事。山莊內(nèi)有100多個建筑，分為兩部分:宮殿區(qū)和花園區(qū)。世界上最短的河一熱河只有14. 7千米流經(jīng)山莊。該公園之所以設計出色是由于采納吸收了各種園林風格的設計特色，融匯了江南水鄉(xiāng)和北方草原的特色，形成了東南湖區(qū)、西北山區(qū)和東北平原區(qū)的布局。

In the outlying area， 11 magnificent temples stand on the hills in a semi-circle. As they were divided into eight sections under the administration of the Beijing-based Har- mony and Peace Lama- sery(a monastery for la- mas)，they were usually referred to as the“Eight Outer Temples”.Only seven temples，including Puren Temple(Universal Humanity)，Temple of Sumeru(Happiness and Longevity、and Puning Temple(Universal Tranquility)remain intact. They comprise the largest temple building complex existing in China. They were used by nobles of various ethnic minority groups who came to have an audience with the Qing emperors， and to reside and conduct religious activities. These temples，built on the elevating hill slopes，look grand and splendid. The wood engraved Buddha in the Puning Temple，22. 28 meters tall，is the largest of its kind in the world. Its waist measures 15 meters and it has 42 arms. Some 120 cubic meters of wood，weighing some 110 tons，were used to make the Buddha.

山莊外圍11座宏偉的寺廟呈半圓形聳讓在幾座山上。這些寺廟在北京雍和宮的管轄下被分成了八個部分，因此它們通常被稱為“外八廟”‘ 只有包括溥仁寺、須彌福之廟、普寧寺在內(nèi)的七座廟宇至今保存完好。它們是中國現(xiàn)存的最大的廟宇建筑群。少數(shù)民族貴族在此和清朝皇上會面，并在此居住和舉辦宗教活動。這些建在山坡上的廟宇宏偉壯一觀。普寧寺里的木雕佛像高22.28米。是世界上最大的木雕像，其腰圍15米，有42條胳膊。建造這座雕像用去了大約120立方重達110噸的木材。

The buildings of the resort were all built in blue bricks and gray tiles that are traditional and plain，whereas its outlying temples are all roofed with glazed color tiles that looks grand，golden，luxury，and glorious.

山莊內(nèi)的建筑都用青磚灰瓦建造，呈現(xiàn)出一種占樸白然的風格;而在其周圍建造的外八廟，則采用彩色的琉璃瓦，遠遠望去，巍峨壯觀，金碧輝煌，一派富麗堂皇的景象。

The summer resort and the surrounding temples were placed on the world cultural heritage list in 1994.

避暑山莊及周邊廟宇于1994年被列入《世界文化遺產(chǎn)名錄》。