我們?cè)搶W(xué)習(xí)哪一種音標(biāo)的問(wèn)題,先看如下資料:
以前有萬(wàn)國(guó)音標(biāo)即D.J.音標(biāo),(Daniel Jones所創(chuàng)的英國(guó)音)。但隨著英語(yǔ)使用的范圍擴(kuò)大,有些音改變了,在美國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)John S. Kenyon和Thomas A.Knott兩位表兄弟修訂了D.J.的發(fā)音,因其姓氏第一格字母都是K,所以稱之K.K.音標(biāo)。兩人所編的發(fā)音詞典A Pronouncing Dictionary of American,這是一套最常用的也是最權(quán)威的注音法,因此人們把美語(yǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)音慣稱為KK音標(biāo)。
所以我們現(xiàn)在知道該使用哪一種音標(biāo)了,那就是通常情況下,我們應(yīng)該使用DJ音標(biāo)。
1、英國(guó)音是用 DJ (Daniel Jones 1881 – 1967 英國(guó)語(yǔ)音學(xué)家)音標(biāo)(phonetic symbols)。
2、美國(guó)音是用K.K.(John S. Kenyon 與 Thomas A. Knott美國(guó)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家)音標(biāo)。
3、IPA 是International Phonetic Alphabet(國(guó)際音標(biāo),即英國(guó)音標(biāo))。
4、RP 是 Received Pronunciation 的縮寫(xiě),翻譯為“可接受的發(fā)音”,即英國(guó)國(guó)家廣播公司(BBC)的英語(yǔ),可謂標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ),但仍謙稱為“可接受的發(fā)音”。
現(xiàn)在中學(xué)教材使用了新的音標(biāo)符號(hào), 即 Daniel Jones 于1977年在English Pronouncing Dictionary( 第 14 版 ) 中所使用的新的音標(biāo)符號(hào)。(主要是元音變化)?,F(xiàn)在出版的字典每個(gè)單詞大多注有國(guó)際音標(biāo),以英國(guó)丹尼爾.瓊斯(Daniel Jones)的語(yǔ)音詞典最新版本(15版)為依據(jù),為讀者提供標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)發(fā)音。
Daniel Jones (1881 - 1967) was a British phonetician. He was a disciple of Paul-Edouard Passy. He wrote The Pronunciation of English in 1909 and The outline of English Phonetics in 1918. This is considered to be the first comprehensive description of Received Pronunciation. He uses the term phoneme in the current sense.
Jones uses in his theory a two-parameter diagram to visualize how vowels are produced and he promoted the term cardinal vowel. The two parameters are tongue height and lip-shape. Many later models at the end of the twentieth century are still based on this model.
Jones studied the phonetics of various languages. In particular for example he did an analysis of the tone in Tswana. He developed new alphabets for African and Indian languages.