全球變暖會(huì)導(dǎo)致早產(chǎn)和嬰幼兒肥胖

你也許只是覺(jué)得今年的冬天比往年暖和了一點(diǎn)，但實(shí)際上全球變暖的危害遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出你的想象。全球變暖會(huì)摧毀珊瑚礁，導(dǎo)致生物滅絕，造成農(nóng)作物歉收，如今新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，全球變暖還會(huì)導(dǎo)致早產(chǎn)和嬰幼兒肥胖，并降低懷孕率。

The climate crisis is damaging the health of foetuses, babies and infants across the world, six new studies have found.

六項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，氣候危機(jī)正在危害世界各地的胎兒和嬰幼兒健康。

Scientists discovered increased heat was linked to fast weight gain in babies, which increases the risk of obesityin later life. Higher temperatures were also linked to prematurebirth, which can have lifelong health effects, and to increased hospital admissions of young children.

科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，氣溫升高與嬰兒體重迅速增長(zhǎng)有關(guān)，還會(huì)增加其日后肥胖的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。此外，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)高溫天氣會(huì)導(dǎo)致早產(chǎn)和更多幼童住院，而早產(chǎn)對(duì)健康的影響會(huì)伴隨終生。

The studies, published in a special issue of the journal Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, spanned the globe from the US to Denmark, Israel and Australia.

這些研究發(fā)表在《兒科和圍產(chǎn)期流行病學(xué)》雜志的一期特刊上，研究對(duì)象遍及美國(guó)、丹麥、以色列、澳大利亞等多個(gè)國(guó)家。

"From the very beginning, from preconception, through early childhood into adolescencefor the rapid infant weight gain is that less fat is burned to maintain body temperature when the ambient temperature is higher.

目前全球范圍內(nèi)有18%的兒童超重或肥胖。這可能是因?yàn)橹車鷾囟雀?，維持體溫所需燃燒的脂肪減少了，因此嬰幼兒的體重增長(zhǎng)就變快了。

Two new studies examined the link between high temperatures and premature birth. The first assessed almost one million pregnant women in New South Wales, Australia, from 2005 to 2014, of whom 3% delivered their babies before 37 weeks.

另外兩項(xiàng)新研究觀察了高溫天氣和早產(chǎn)之間的聯(lián)系。第一項(xiàng)研究對(duì)2005年至2014年間澳大利亞新南威爾士州近100萬(wàn)孕婦的資料進(jìn)行了分析，其中有3%的孕婦未滿37周就分娩了。

The researchers found that those in the hottest 5% of places in the state in the week before birth had a 16% higher risk of premature birth. Previous research had found a similar effect in the warmer sub-tropical city of Brisbane, but this was the first in a more temperateregion of Australia.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在產(chǎn)前那周該州氣溫最高的5%的地區(qū)，早產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加了16%。先前的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，氣候炎熱的亞熱帶城市布里斯班也出現(xiàn)早產(chǎn)增多的情況，但這是第一次在澳大利亞的溫帶城市發(fā)現(xiàn)同樣的情況。

The second study analysed 200,000 births from 2007-2011 in Harris County, Texas – which includes Houston – where people are accustomed to heat. The period included Texas's hottest summer on record in 2011.

第二項(xiàng)研究分析了2007年至2011年間美國(guó)得克薩斯州哈里斯郡（包括天氣酷熱的休斯頓在內(nèi)）的20萬(wàn)例分娩資料，這一時(shí)期涵蓋了得州有史以來(lái)最熱的2011年夏天。

A quarter of the mothers were exposed to at least one very hot day while pregnant, days when temperature reached the top 1% of historic summer temperatures. The risk of any premature birth was 15% higher the day after these very hot days, the scientists found. But the risk was even higher for especially early births, tripling for babies born before 28 weeks, and was also higher for the most disadvantaged 20% of the mothers.

四分之一的孕婦在懷孕期間至少經(jīng)歷過(guò)一個(gè)夏日的氣溫達(dá)到史上最高的1%?？茖W(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，在極其炎熱的一天后，早產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加了15%。但是超早產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)甚至更高，在28周以前出生的早產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加了兩倍，條件最差的20%的孕婦的早產(chǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也更高。

Hotter temperatures also increased the number of admissions of young children to emergency departments in New York City, another new study found. The scientists looked at 2.5m admissions over eight years and found that a 7C rise in maximum temperature led to a 2.4% increase in admissions in under-fives. Young children lose proportionally more fluids than adults and their ability to regulate their body temperature is immatureand justice issue," he said.

韋勒紐斯表示，很重要的一點(diǎn)是，這些研究都表明弱勢(shì)群體往往受到的影響最大，比如有色人種和低收入群體，她們沒(méi)有空調(diào)，居住的地區(qū)空氣污染也更嚴(yán)重。韋勒紐斯說(shuō)：“這完全是衛(wèi)生公平問(wèn)題。”