預防宿醉最可靠的方法

If a hangover is an experience you're familiar with, then you might have your own go-to hangover cure to try and get yourself back from that painful, zombie-fied state.

如果宿醉是你熟悉的經(jīng)歷，那么你可能有自己的治療宿醉的方法，試圖讓自己從痛苦的僵尸狀態(tài)中恢復過來。

However, we have bad news: new research suggests that most of these cures don't have any solid science behind them.

然而，我們有個壞消息:新的研究表明，大多數(shù)這些療法都沒有任何可靠的科學依據(jù)。

Through a review of 21 placebo-controlled trials that had previously been carried out on a total of 386 participants, the researchers found the scientific evidence for the effectiveness of any so-called hangover cure was dubious at best.

研究人員回顧了此前共對386名參與者進行的21項安慰劑對照試驗，發(fā)現(xiàn)任何所謂的宿醉療法的有效性的科學證據(jù)充其量只是可能。

In particular, the way that these experiments are run and assessed needs to be improved – with a standardized scale used to weigh up hangover symptoms, for example, rather than relying on self-reporting.

特別是，這些實驗的運行和評估方式需要改進——例如，使用標準化的量表來衡量宿醉癥狀，而不是依賴于自我報告。

"Our study has found that evidence on these hangover remedies is of very low quality and there is a need to provide more rigorous assessment," says epidemiologist Emmert Roberts, from King's College London in the UK.

英國倫敦國王學院的流行病學家Emmert Roberts說:“我們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，關(guān)于這些治療宿醉的方法的證據(jù)質(zhì)量非常低，有必要提供更嚴格的評估。”

"For now, the surest way of preventing hangover symptoms is to abstain from alcohol or drink in moderation."

“就目前而言，預防宿醉癥狀最可靠的方法是戒酒或適度飲酒。”

The 21 studies looked at a variety of hangover cures, including clove extract, red ginseng, Korean pear juice – some of which you may have tried at one time or another.

這21項研究觀察了各種宿醉療法，包括丁香提取物、紅參、韓國梨汁——其中一些你可能曾經(jīng)嘗試過。

While hangover symptoms did improve in some cases, the methods used to collect and assess data weren't of a robust enough standard.

雖然在某些情況下，宿醉癥狀確實有所改善，但用來收集和評估數(shù)據(jù)的方法還不夠可靠。

None of the supposed remedies was tested in more than one study, and none of the reported results have since been independently replicated. Sampling was another problem, with eight studies involving exclusively male participants.

在一項以上的研究中，沒有一種所謂的補救措施得到測試，而且報告的結(jié)果都沒有被重復實驗。抽樣也有問題，有八項研究的參與者都是男性。

The researchers also noticed considerable differences across the previous studies in terms of the amount of alcohol consumed, and variations in contributing factors like the amount of food eaten beforehand. Improvements in all of these areas might reveal which hangover cures, if any, are actually effective.

研究人員還注意到，之前的研究在酒量方面存在顯著差異，以及事先食用的食物量等影響因素的差異。所有這些領(lǐng)域的改進可能會揭示哪些宿醉療法(如果有的話)實際上是有效的。

"Numerous remedies make claims to be effective against hangover symptoms with many marketed as hangover 'cures'," write the researchers in their published paper. "However up-to-date scientific examination of the literature is lacking."

研究人員在論文中寫道：“許多補救措施聲稱對宿醉癥狀有效，其中許多藥物被稱為解酒藥。然而，缺乏對文獻的最新科學檢驗。”

While clove extract, tolfenamic acid (a migraine treatment), and vitamin B6-analog pyritinol show the most promise as hangover cures based on this review, the evidence isn't yet strong enough – and further studies will be required to confirm their effectiveness.

根據(jù)這篇綜述，雖然丁香提取物、托芬那酸(一種偏頭痛治療方法)和維生素 B6 類似物吡硫醇看起來最有希望，但證據(jù)還不夠充分——還需要進一步的研究來證實它們的有效性。

However it's important to bear in mind the damage that binge drinking can do beyond having a rough time of it the next morning, even down to our essential cognitive processes. Perhaps it's best that the hangover remains as a warning.

然而，重要的是要記住，酗酒不僅會在第二天早上度過一段艱難的時間，甚至還會對我們的基本認知過程造成損害。也許最好將宿醉視作警告。

"Hangover symptoms can cause significant distress and affect people's employment and academic performance," says Roberts.

“宿醉癥狀會導致嚴重的痛苦，影響人們的工作和學習表現(xiàn)，”羅伯茨說。

"Given the continuing speculation in the media as to which hangover remedies work or not, the question around the effectiveness of substances that claim to treat or prevent a hangover appears to be one with considerable public interest."

“考慮到媒體一直在猜測哪些宿醉療法有效，那些聲稱能治療或防止宿醉的物質(zhì)是否有效，似乎是公眾相當關(guān)心的問題。”

The research has been published in Addiction.

這項研究發(fā)表在《上癮》雜志上。