不管素食者是否抽煙喝酒，都比肉食者更健康

Do vegetarians have a “get out of jail free” card when it comes to unhealthy habits? A new study finds vegetarians aren’t just healthier than meat-eaters, the impact of their diet holds up regardless of how much they drink and smoke.

在不健康的生活習(xí)慣方面，素食者有沒有“免罪卡”?一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，素食者不僅比肉食者更健康，而且不管他們喝了多少酒，抽了多少煙，他們飲食的影響都是有效的。

Researchers from the University of Glasgow examined more than 175,000 British adults during their study. Those results reveal people sticking to a plant-based diet appear to be healthier than meat-lovers. Moreover, they came out ahead regardless of age, weight, smoking habits, and their levels of alcohol consumption.

格拉斯哥大學(xué)的研究人員在他們的研究中調(diào)查了超過175000名英國(guó)成年人。這些結(jié)果顯示，堅(jiān)持植物性飲食的人似乎比喜歡吃肉的人更健康。此外，無(wú)論年齡、體重、吸煙習(xí)慣和飲酒水平，他們都走在了前面。

The Scottish team looked at biomarkers that can have good and bad health effects; promoting or preventing cancer, heart and age-related diseases, as well as other chronic conditions. Previous studies have also looked at these markers to assess the effectiveness of certain diets on human health.

蘇格蘭研究小組觀察了生物標(biāo)志物，這些標(biāo)志物可以對(duì)健康產(chǎn)生好的和壞的影響; 促進(jìn)或預(yù)防癌癥、心臟和年齡相關(guān)的疾病，以及其他慢性疾病。以前的研究也觀察了這些標(biāo)記物，以評(píng)估某些飲食對(duì)人類健康的有效性。

Glasgow researchers analyzed blood and urine samples from 177,723 healthy participants, between 37 and 73 years-old, reporting no major changes in their diet over the last five years. The team categorized the group as either vegetarians (not eating red meat, poultry, or fish) or meat-eaters, according to each person’s self-reported diet. The researchers examined each diet’s association with 19 biomarkers related to diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, liver, bone and joint health, and kidney function.

格拉斯哥的研究人員分析了177723名、年齡在37歲到73歲之間的健康參與者的血液和尿液樣本，報(bào)告說他們的飲食在過去五年中沒有發(fā)生重大變化。根據(jù)每個(gè)人自我報(bào)告的飲食，研究小組將這組人分為素食者(不吃紅肉、家禽或魚)或肉食者。研究人員研究了每種飲食與19種生物標(biāo)志物的關(guān)系，這些生物標(biāo)志物與糖尿病、心血管疾病、癌癥、肝臟、骨骼和關(guān)節(jié)健康以及腎功能有關(guān)。

Even after accounting for potentially influential factors including age, sex, education, ethnicity, obesity, smoking, and alcohol intake, the analysis reveals, in comparison to meat-eaters, vegetarians had “significantly lower” levels of 13 key biomarkers. Those include total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein “bad” cholesterol, and a hormone that encourages the growth and proliferation of cancer cells.

即使在考慮了年齡、性別、教育程度、種族、肥胖、吸煙和酒精攝入等潛在影響因素后，分析顯示，與肉食者相比，素食者的13個(gè)關(guān)鍵生物標(biāo)志物水平“明顯較低”。其中包括總膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白“壞”膽固醇和一種促進(jìn)癌細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)和增殖的激素。

Vegetarians also had lower levels of beneficial biomarkers including “good” high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.

素食者也有較低水平的有益生物標(biāo)志物，包括“好”的高密度脂蛋白(HDL)膽固醇。

“Our findings offer real food for thought,” says study leader Dr. Carlos Celis-Morales in a media release. “As well as not eating red and processed meat which have been linked to heart diseases and some cancers, people who follow a vegetarian diet tend to consume more vegetables, fruits, and nuts which contain more nutrients, fiber, and other potentially beneficial compounds.”

研究負(fù)責(zé)人卡洛斯·塞利斯·莫拉萊斯博士在一次媒體發(fā)布會(huì)上說：“我們的研究結(jié)果確實(shí)值得深思。除了不吃與心臟病和某些癌癥有關(guān)的紅肉和加工肉外，素食者傾向于食用更多的蔬菜、水果和堅(jiān)果，因?yàn)樗鼈兒懈嗟臓I(yíng)養(yǎng)素、纖維和其他可能有益的化合物。”

“These nutritional differences may help explain why vegetarians appear to have lower levels of disease biomarkers that can lead to cell damage and chronic disease,” Celis-Morales concludes.

“這些營(yíng)養(yǎng)差異可能有助于解釋，為什么素食者似乎在可導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞損傷和慢性疾病的生物標(biāo)志物方面水平更低。”Celis Morales總結(jié)道。

Researchers presented their findings at the European Congress on Obesity (ECO), held online this year.

研究人員在今年舉行的歐洲肥胖大會(huì)(ECO)上公布了他們的研究結(jié)果。