醫(yī)生診斷出第一例女性尿酒

醫(yī)生診斷出第一例女性尿酒

Doctors have reported the first known case of a woman who urinates alcohol after a never-before-seen condition effectively turned her bladder into a microbrewery.

醫(yī)生報(bào)告了第一個(gè)已知的病例，一名婦女在從未見(jiàn)過(guò)的情況下排尿后，有效地把她的膀胱變成了一個(gè)微型啤酒廠。

Reporting the unusual case in the Annals of Internal Medicine, the condition came to light when doctors at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital were examining a 61-year-old woman for placement on the liver transplant waitlist. The woman was suffering from liver cirrhosis and diabetes, illnesses often associated with alcoholism and heavy alcohol use.

據(jù)《內(nèi)科學(xué)年鑒》報(bào)道，匹茲堡大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)中心長(zhǎng)老會(huì)醫(yī)院的醫(yī)生，在檢查一名61歲的婦女是否被列入肝移植候補(bǔ)名單時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一罕見(jiàn)病例。這名婦女患有肝硬化和糖尿病，這些疾病通常與酗酒和大量飲酒有關(guān)。

However, she claimed to rarely touch alcohol. Doctors were, understandably, skeptical about this claim at first because her urine tests for alcohol were repeatedly positive. Multiple doctors also advised her to seek treatment for alcohol use disorder, but she continued to insist she had not had anything to drink.

然而，她聲稱(chēng)很少接觸酒精。醫(yī)生們一開(kāi)始對(duì)這種說(shuō)法表示懷疑，這是可以理解的，因?yàn)樗哪驒z酒精測(cè)試多次呈陽(yáng)性。多名醫(yī)生也建議她尋求酒精使用障礙的治療，但她仍然堅(jiān)持說(shuō)她沒(méi)有喝任何東西。

Then, some of the clinicians noted her urine test results for ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulfate, substances produced by the break down of ethanol (alcohol), were negative. Equally, her blood tests came back negative for ethanol. This meant the alcohol was not in her bloodstream, so she didn’t report feeling drunk or intoxicated.

隨后，一些臨床醫(yī)生注意到，她的尿液中葡萄糖醛酸乙酯和硫酸乙酯(乙醇分解產(chǎn)生的物質(zhì))的檢測(cè)結(jié)果為陰性。同樣，她的血液酒精測(cè)試結(jié)果為陰性。這意味著酒精不在她的血液中，所以她說(shuō)自己沒(méi)有喝酒。

The strange set of circumstances eventually led the doctors to take a closer look at her pee. They discovered the woman’s bladder had become colonized with a strain of yeast called Candida glabrata, a fungus that's part of the normal human flora that’s closely related to brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae).

這種奇怪的情況最終導(dǎo)致醫(yī)生對(duì)她的小便進(jìn)行了更仔細(xì)的檢查。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)這名婦女的膀胱已經(jīng)被一種名為念珠菌的酵母菌占領(lǐng)，這種真菌是人類(lèi)正常菌群的一部分，與釀酒酵母(釀酒酵母屬)關(guān)系密切。

They took samples of the yeast, placed it in a petri dish under certain conditions, and watched whether it fermented. Lo and behold, the sample produced alcohol.

他們采集了酵母菌的樣本，把它放在培養(yǎng)皿中，在一定的條件下，觀察它是否發(fā)酵。結(jié)果，樣品產(chǎn)生了酒精。

It appears that the woman’s bladder had effectively acted like a booze brewery. To make alcohol, whether its beer or hard liquor, you need water and sugar, paired with yeast and an absence of oxygen. The anaerobic (no oxygen) conditions make the yeast ferment the sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide. The woman's urine contained sugar as a symptom of her poorly controlled diabetes. Paired with the yeast that had colonized her bladder, the conditions were ideal for fermentation and the production of alcohol.

看來(lái)這名婦女的膀胱實(shí)際上起到了釀酒廠的作用。制造酒精，不管是啤酒還是烈性酒，都需要水和糖，再加上酵母和缺氧。厭氧(無(wú)氧)條件使酵母將糖發(fā)酵成乙醇和二氧化碳。這名婦女的尿液中含有糖分，這是她控制不好的糖尿病的癥狀。再加上寄生在膀胱里的酵母，這些條件是發(fā)酵和酒精生產(chǎn)的理想條件。

“I think the biggest reason for the patient to develop this condition is her poorly controlled diabetes because the bladder environment with high levels of glucose is definitely an optimistic condition for the growth and activity of the yeast,” Kenichi Tamama, study author and Associate Professor of Pathology, told IFLScience.

研究作者、病理學(xué)副教授Kenichi Tamama在接受IFLScience采訪時(shí)說(shuō)：“我認(rèn)為，患者患上這種疾病的最大原因是糖尿病控制不好，因?yàn)楦哐堑陌螂篆h(huán)境對(duì)酵母的生長(zhǎng)和活性絕對(duì)是一個(gè)有利的條件。”。

The doctors eventually diagnosed the woman with a novel case of “urinary auto-brewery syndrome” or “bladder fermentation syndrome.”

醫(yī)生最終診斷這名婦女患有一種新的“尿自動(dòng)釀酒綜合征”或“膀胱發(fā)酵綜合征”。

The “auto-brewery” effect has never been seen in a bladder before, although it has been documented a handful of times in the digestive system. Unfortunately, with this form of the condition, people report feeling tipsy and “foggy-headed” because the alcohol enters the bloodstream. It can also result in nausea, vomiting, impaired sensations, memory blackout, and even loss of consciousness.

這種“自動(dòng)釀酒”的效果以前從未在膀胱中出現(xiàn)過(guò)，盡管它在消化系統(tǒng)中被記錄過(guò)幾次。不幸的是，在這種情況下，由于酒精進(jìn)入血液，人們會(huì)感到醉意和“頭昏眼花”，也會(huì)導(dǎo)致惡心、嘔吐、感覺(jué)受損、記憶喪失，甚至失去意識(shí)。

All in all, it's not as fun as it might first sound.

總的來(lái)說(shuō)，它沒(méi)有聽(tīng)起來(lái)那么有趣。