貸款代替現(xiàn)金成為買(mǎi)房途徑

貸款代替現(xiàn)金成為買(mǎi)房途徑

Just a few years ago, more than a third of home buyers didn’t blink at throwing down cold hard cash to make their purchases.

就在幾年前，超過(guò)三分之一的購(gòu)房者還會(huì)毫不猶豫地拿出現(xiàn)金來(lái)買(mǎi)房。

But the share of all-cash home buyers has trended down since 2014, and the decline has accelerated in recent months. In June, just 16% of home buyers paid in cash, down from 23% in February, according to the National Association of Realtors. The rest bought the old-fashioned way – by taking out a mortgage. Applications for home loans jumped 9.5% last month from a year earlier, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association.

但自2014年以來(lái)，全現(xiàn)金購(gòu)房者的比例呈下降趨勢(shì)，最近幾個(gè)月下降速度有所加快。全美房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)(National Association of Realtors)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，6月份只有16%的購(gòu)房者以現(xiàn)金購(gòu)房，低于2月份的23%。其余的人則以傳統(tǒng)的方式購(gòu)買(mǎi)——通過(guò)抵押貸款。美國(guó)抵押貸款銀行家協(xié)會(huì)(Mortgage Bankers Association)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，上個(gè)月住房貸款申請(qǐng)較上年同期增長(zhǎng)9.5%。

The shift can be traced to several factors, including a less competitive, more buyer-friendly market and tumbling mortgage rates.

這種轉(zhuǎn)變可以追溯到幾個(gè)因素，包括競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力下降、更有利于買(mǎi)方的市場(chǎng)以及抵押貸款利率的下降。

The trend could be good news for a sluggish housing market in which existing home sales fell 4.2% the first half of the year compared with the same period in 2018, according to NAR figures.

NAR數(shù)據(jù)顯示，對(duì)于低迷的房地產(chǎn)市場(chǎng)來(lái)說(shuō)，這一趨勢(shì)可能是個(gè)好消息。今年上半年，成屋銷(xiāo)售同比下降4.2%。

The slowdown may partly reflect a drop in cash deals and the rise in purchases of homes using mortgages, says Ian Shepherdson, chief economist of Pantheon Macroeconomics, an economic research firm.. Since mortgage applications can take a couple of months to process, the lag could mean there will be a surge in home sales this fall, painting a brighter housing picture, he says.

經(jīng)濟(jì)研究公司Pantheon Macroeconomics首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家伊恩•謝潑德森(Ian Shepherdson)表示，經(jīng)濟(jì)放緩可能在一定程度上反映了現(xiàn)金交易的減少和抵押貸款購(gòu)房的增加。他說(shuō)，由于抵押貸款申請(qǐng)可能需要幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間來(lái)處理，這一滯后可能意味著今年秋季房屋銷(xiāo)售將大幅增長(zhǎng)，從而描繪出一幅更加光明的住房圖景。

Here are some reasons cash sales have lost favor:

以下是現(xiàn)金銷(xiāo)售失寵的一些原因:

Bidding wars have faded
競(jìng)購(gòu)戰(zhàn)已經(jīng)消退

When competitive bidding was the rage, “People were cashing in their savings, such as 401(k) plans…in order to beat out” rival bidders who needed mortgages, says Jessica Reinhardt, a broker at RE/MAX Alliance in Denver. Sellers loved cash offers because they meant quick purchases with few hassles.

丹佛RE/MAX Alliance的經(jīng)紀(jì)人杰西卡•萊因哈特(Jessica Reinhardt)表示，當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)投標(biāo)風(fēng)行一時(shí)時(shí)，“人們將自己的儲(chǔ)蓄變現(xiàn)，比如401(k)計(jì)劃……以擊敗”需要抵押貸款的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手。賣(mài)家喜歡現(xiàn)金交易，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)金交易意味著快速購(gòu)買(mǎi)，很少有麻煩。

In many cases, parents gave cash gifts to their kids to buy homes. And some real estate brokers even put up cash for their clients, says Jessie Culbert, a Redfin agent in Seattle. “You needed cash to stand out,” she says.

在很多情況下，父母會(huì)給孩子現(xiàn)金禮物來(lái)買(mǎi)房子。西雅圖Redfin的經(jīng)紀(jì)人杰西·卡爾伯特(Jessie Culbert)說(shuō)，一些房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人甚至為客戶(hù)提供現(xiàn)金。“你需要現(xiàn)金才能脫穎而出，”她說(shuō)。

Investors have pulled back

投資者已經(jīng)撤出

Fifty-seven percent of investors – who buy homes to rent them out or make repairs and then sell for a big profit – pay in cash, NAR says. Yet the share of home purchases made by investors has declined from 11.3% in 2018 to 11.1% so far this year, according to a housing research firm CoreLogic.

全美房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)說(shuō)，57%的投資者以現(xiàn)金支付，他們買(mǎi)房是為了把房子租出去，或者進(jìn)行修繕，然后再以高價(jià)賣(mài)出。然而，房地產(chǎn)研究公司CoreLogic的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，投資者購(gòu)房比例已從2018年的11.3%降至今年迄今的11.1%。

Falling borrowing costs

借貸成本下降

Mortgage rates have decreased sharply since last year, which makes home loans more affordable. The average 30-year fixed mortgage rate was at 3.75%, down from 4.54% a year earlier, according to Freddie Mac. That has led many buyers who might have put up cash – whether investors or owners who plan to live in their units – to obtain mortgages instead, Shepherdson says.

自去年以來(lái)，抵押貸款利率大幅下降，這使得住房貸款更容易負(fù)擔(dān)。據(jù)房地美(Freddie Mac)的數(shù)據(jù)，30年期固定抵押貸款的平均利率為3.75%，低于一年前的4.54%。謝潑德森說(shuō)，這導(dǎo)致許多本來(lái)可能會(huì)拿出現(xiàn)金的購(gòu)房者——無(wú)論是投資者還是打算住在自己公寓里的業(yè)主——轉(zhuǎn)而申請(qǐng)抵押貸款。