大學英語六級翻譯技法:(四)詞類轉譯法

(四)詞類轉譯法

翻譯既要忠實于原文,又要符合譯文的表達習慣,而不能逐詞硬譯。有些時候需要適當改變一些詞的詞類,使譯文通順流暢,符合英語特點。

I.漢語動詞轉換成英語的名詞

一般來講,英語傾向于多用名詞,常常用名詞來表達原來屬于動詞(或形容詞)所表達的概念,如用抽象名詞來表達動作、行為、變化、狀態(tài)、品質、情感等概念。這種名詞的優(yōu)勢在于往往可以使表達比較簡潔,句式比較靈活,行文比較自然,也便于表達較為復雜和正式的思想內(nèi)容。而漢語傾向于多用動詞,因而翻譯時常常需要把動詞轉譯成名詞。

1.漢語的動詞轉譯成英語中由動詞派生的名詞

1)他們違反在赫爾辛基達成的協(xié)議,在國內(nèi)侵犯基本人權,因此受到了各地熱愛自由的人們的譴責。

The abuse of basic human rights in their own country in violation of the agreement reached at Helsinki earned them the condemnation of freedom-loving people everywhere.

2)醫(yī)生迅速到達,并非常仔細地檢查了病人,因此病人很快就康復了。

The doctor's extremely quick arrival and uncommonly careful examination of the patient brought about his very quick recovery.

3)過了幾個晚上,在一次聚會上,她走過來央求我給她引見一位魅力十足的男性。

Several evenings later,she came up to me at a party,pressing for an introduction to a very impressive man.

4)聽到我們的消息時,德博拉沒有祝賀我們,反倒叫蓋爾想清楚自己做的對不對。

Instead of congratulations upon hearing our news,Deborah counseled Gail to be really sure she was doing the right thing.

2.漢語的動詞轉譯成含有動作意味的英語名詞

1)看見那棵大樹,總是讓我想起童年。

The sight of the big tree always brings my childhood back to my mind.

2)它時時使我們更充分地感覺到強烈的活力,這當然會大大增強我們生活的激奮和歡樂。

It offers us a fuller sense of being intensely alive from moment to moment,and this,of course,contributes greatly to the excitement and joy of living.

3)偉大的生活源于一個人在想象中幻想自己有朝一日能做出什么事業(yè)或者成為什么人物。

Great living starts with a picture,held in some person's imagination,of what he would like someday to do or be.

4)人們對帶薪休假的重視和大眾娛樂服務的快速發(fā)展標志著人們對這一問題的日益關注。

The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.

3.漢語動詞轉譯成英語加后綴-er或-or 的名詞

1)他能吃能睡。

He is a good eater and a good sleeper.

2)他既不抽煙,也不喝酒。

He was a nonsmoker and a teetotaler.

3)成功的語言學習者善于猜測,能夠尋找線索,形成自己的結論。

Successful language learners are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions.

4)她很健談,但既然她似乎愿意談論我的事,我還是做好準備,洗耳恭聽。

She was talkative,but since she seemed inclined to talk about me I was prepared to be an attentive listener.

II.漢語動詞轉譯成英語介詞

介詞是英語里最活躍的詞類之一,是連接詞語或從句的重要手段。據(jù)G·Curme 統(tǒng)計,英語各類介詞共約286個。英語造句幾乎離不開介詞。而漢語中介詞的使用則少得多,翻譯時很多漢語動詞可以轉譯成表示相應意義的英語介詞或介詞詞組。

1)我很高興地離城去出差了。

Pleased,I left town for a business trip.

2)說完這些話,她便走開了。

With these words,she went away.

3)他們立即出動,追擊敵人。

They immediately set out in pursuit of the enemy.

4)新一代領導人贊成市場經(jīng)濟,摒棄了一切關于經(jīng)濟帝國主義的說法。

The new leadership has abandoned all talk of economic imperialism in favor of market economy.

5)另外,德國和捷克共和國還簽署了協(xié)議來保護易北河,使其不受進一步的污染。

In addition,Germany and the Czech Republic have signed a treaty to protect the Elbe River from further contamination.

III.漢語的名詞轉譯成英語的動詞

英語中有很多由名詞派生或由名詞轉用的動詞,在漢語中有些名詞往往可以轉譯為英語的這類動詞。

1)駱駝的特點是能夠幾天不喝水。

The camel is characterized by an ability to go for days without water.

2)隨著比賽的進行,他成了他們勝利的象征,成了一切美德的化身。

As the match progressed,he would symbolize their victories and become the embodiment of all merits.

3)這家商店的特色是24小時服務。

This store features round-the-clock service.

4)但是從理論上講,物質在黑洞里的作用情況與在黑洞外的作用情況肯定是完全不同的。

But in theory,matter must behave very differently inside the hole.

IV.形容詞與副詞的互相轉換

1)中朝兩國人民一直保持著傳統(tǒng)的友好關系。

Traditionally,there have always been good relations between Chinese and Korean people.

2)“光明!給我光明!”這就是發(fā)自我內(nèi)心深處的無言的呼喚,也就在這時候,愛心的光芒照到了我身上。

“Light! Give me light!”was the wordless cry of my soul,and the light of love shined on me that very hour.