英語四級閱讀理解之破譯長難句(10)

　　Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. (09.12 Passage 2)

　　主干：Remove the pressure...and reward them for...

　　1. 本句由and并列連接的兩個祈使句構(gòu)成。

　　2. 前一個祈使句中，不定式短語to squeeze...(往每個小時的時間里塞更多的病人)作定語，修飾the pressure，該不定式的邏輯主語由for引導(dǎo)。后一個祈使句中，介詞for...表示原因，后面接了兩個動名詞短語managing...和 practicing...。

　　要解除初級護理醫(yī)生在單位時間內(nèi)多看病人的壓力，并對那些能很好控制疾病和實踐循證醫(yī)療的醫(yī)生給予嘉獎。

　　But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends. (09.6 Passage 2)

　　主干：...economists say (families... can console themselves with...)

　　1. say后面的內(nèi)容都是say的賓語。該賓語從句的主語是families，其后又一個不定式短語to go...修飾;不定式to fund...作前一個不定式to go into debt的目的狀語;as well as相當(dāng)于一個并列連詞，連接partying和studying。

　　2. knowledge后的that從句作其同位語，說明“該知識”的具體內(nèi)容;an investment后的that引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，從句的主語和謂語被插入成分unlike...隔開了。

　　譯文：不過經(jīng)濟學(xué)家說大學(xué)是一項投資，而且和許多銀行股票不同的是，這項投資可以帶來巨大的紅利，打算舉債來提供您狂歡和學(xué)習(xí)資金的家庭在知道這一點之后可以有所安慰了。

　　Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. (08.12 Passage 1)

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析

　　主干：Sustainable development is applied to just about everything...and...it has become difficult to question...

　　1. and連接兩個并列的分句。

　　2. 前一個分句用了apply...to...句型的被動結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“(人們)把可持續(xù)發(fā)展(的概念)應(yīng)用于幾乎所有的事情上”，to的賓語是everything，后面有一個from...to...的介詞短語作everything的定語。

　　3. 后一個分句用“it+系動詞+adj.+to do”句型，不定式作主語，it是形式主語;動詞to question有兩個由either...or...引導(dǎo)的賓語assumptions和way，way后面還有一個省略關(guān)系詞的定語從句修飾。

　　譯文：可持續(xù)發(fā)展幾乎被應(yīng)用在所有的事務(wù)上，從能源、潔凈水到經(jīng)濟發(fā)展，因此很難對其背后的基本假定和該歷年的應(yīng)用方式加以質(zhì)疑.

　　We're pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. (08.6 Passage 2)

　　主干：We're pushing our kids to...(so they can get into...)

　　主句部分的三個并列的動詞不定式(to get..., take... and build...)作賓語our kids的補語。so引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，說明“我們逼迫孩子”做種種事情的目的。

　　譯文：我們逼孩子考高分、參加SAT考前輔導(dǎo)班、寫簡歷，從而能讓他們進入我們首選的學(xué)校。